Charles Krusekopf provides an overview of Mongolia’s mineral resources, with a focus on its large deposits and growing exports of copper. He highlights the opportunities for cooperation with the United States, Japan, South Korea, and European countries on mining development as well as the challenges Mongolia faces in developing its mineral resources and exporting them to markets beyond China.

Mongolia is one of the largest countries in Asia by land area, and it contains extensive mineral deposits, including copper, coal, fluorspar, gold, iron, petroleum, tungsten, uranium, and zinc. Minerals account for nearly 90% of its exports, and given the country’s geographic location, limited capital, and lack of infrastructure, almost all exported minerals are sold directly to China after minimal domestic processing ....

See the full story on the link https://www.nbr.org/.../mongolias-development-of.../

During its regular session on August 16, 2023, the Cabinet made the following decisions:

Until the legal framework is updated, there will not be any decision on land possession or use in Ulaanbaatar issued

The Government discussed and approved the draft resolution on some measures to be taken in Ulaanbaatar in connection with disaster risk prevention, disaster relief, urban planning and land management.

The resolution stipulates to take measures towards developing drafts of the Land Package Law and other related laws to ensure the balance of human safety, common interests, environment and ecology, green development, economic and social development in respect of the general planning, land organization, utilization, and urban construction of Ulaanbaatar and submitting to the 2023 Autumn Session of the State Great Khural for discussion. Relevant ministers were assigned to develop draft law to operate the Agency for Land Administration and Management, Geodesy and Cartography within the Prime Minister's portfolio and submit it to the State Great Khural along with the 2024 Budget Draft Law. Until the Draft Laws and regulations are adopted, it was instructed not to take any decision on the possession or use of new land within Ulaanbaatar.

It was tasked to study every issue of land possession and use, construction of buildings on special needs land, public domain land, road and network land, forest and water reservoir land, and protection zones thereof in violation of legislation, and undertake measures to organize land release measures in conformity with appropriate laws and regulations.

It was assigned to study issues of relocating families and businesses that have settled in flood zones, charging officials who granted land in violation of legislation, increasing responsibility for settling in the flood protection zone without permission, filling flood dams and canals with garbage and construction debris, and building structures by blocking dams and canals, carrying out disaster risk assessment at the city level by an international specialized organization, considering an issue of taking the land with water reservoirs, streams, and their protection zones for the state special use and submit the draft decision to the Cabinet meeting for discussion.

It was reflected to include in the annual state budget the costs to incur during the stages of disaster prevention, protection, planning and implementation of actions and response measures in disaster situations, ensure preparedness, resolve required investment for strengthening the budget, technique, equipment, and human resources capacity of emergency organizations, improve activities of announcing and reporting natural disaster, delivering signals and warning information.

The Prime Minister will head the National Committee for Urban and Rural Revitalization, Regional Development, Urban Planning and Land Management

The National Committee for Urban and Rural Revitalization, Regional Development, Urban Planning and Land Management will be established within the Prime Minister’s portfolio. Due to continuous rains in Ulaanbaatar, which led to floods along the Selbe and Dund Rivers, and along the Dari-Ekh auto road, putting people's lives, health, and property at risk, it was considered appropriate to sort out the problem of chaotic and unplanned land grant and the concentration of buildings involving scientists, researchers and professionals, and grounding on the research and analysis of international and professional organizations, resolve the issues of land organization, urban planning, and development in an integrated manner.

The Cabinet decided to establish this National Committee in order to sort out the problems of buildings and structures that do not meet the requirements of urban-rural revival, regional development, and urban planning, which are included in the "New Revival Policy".

Within the scope of "Glass" operation, 8404 conclusions of the State Commission were uploaded to www.shilen.gov.mn

The Minister of Digital Development and Communications N. Uchral presented the conclusions of the Operation "Glass" and the State Commission for commissioning buildings and facilities, as well as the information on buildings and their owners at the Cabinet meeting. The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development has uploaded 8404 conclusions of the State Commission covering the years 2008-2023 at www.shilen.gov.mn.

As part of "Glass" operation, last May, it was revealed who, when, to whom, for what reason, for what purpose, and how much land was granted over the course of 23 years. Minister N. Uchral said that the name, composition, and architectural planning information of the State Commission for commissioning buildings and structures has been made public, and all the processes from land granting to the commissioning of buildings and structures are now under the direct supervision of the public.

The Governors of the provinces and Ulaanbaatar were assigned to fully reflect in the unified digital system egazar.gov.mn information on the decrees on granting, cancellation, transfer and extension of land use and possession rights, as well as the information on the conclusions of the State Commission for commissioning buildings and facilities, and the Minister of Construction and Urban Development was instructed to take measures to create conditions for creation and open publication of the unified architecture planning database respectively.

Brief news

Based on the requests submitted by ministries, agencies, provincial Emergency Commissions and citizens to the State Emergency Commission to resolve the expenses incurred in the elimination of damages caused by natural disasters such as fires and floods, the goods and materials to be released from the state reserves are approved, and over MNT 1 billion 820 million will be allocated from the Government Reserve Fund.

The "Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Government of the Republic of Poland on International Road Transport Relations" signed in Ulaanbaatar on April 25, 2023 was ratified.

Mongolia have stepped up preparations for the reception of foreign tourists after the announcement of 2023-2025 as Visit Mongolia Years. The country aims to ensure economic growth in the tourism sector as a priority for development.

The Ministry of Environment and Tourism said that Mongolia plans to host 150,000 tourists from South Korea this year.

32,800 tourists came from South Korea this July.

323,900 foreign tourists visited Mongolia in the first seven months of this year. 129,000 of them were from Russia, 68,800 from South Korea, 52,200 from China, 12,800 from Kazakhstan, 9,100 from Japan, 8,400 from USA, 4,300 from Belarus, 4,200 from Germany, 3,400 from France, 2,800 from Türkiye.

An agreement was signed for the international accreditation of halal and organic certification in Mongolia. The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, and Mongolian National Authority for Accreditation has agreed to accredit Mongolia's organic and halal product certification organizations with the Gulf Accreditation Center (GCC) and the International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS).

This is technical assistance to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) to improve Credibility and Conformity Assessment capacity within the framework of the "Export Support" project implemented by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry with the financing of the World Bank.

It has an importance to increase the competitiveness of private sector enterprises in exporting value-added agricultural products in accordance with the requirements of importing countries.

2023-2025 has been announced as "Years to visit Mongolia". Within the framework, the Minister of Culture and the Ministry of Environment and Tourism are going to organize “Nas Summit-2023”, the event of international content creators, in Ulaanbaatar on August 19.

More than 20 international content creators will participate as speakers at the "Nas Summit-2023" event, and the total number of followers of these content creators is about 300 million. They will travel to our country and visit the Nuudelchin Festival 2023 that introduces Mongolian cultural heritage and traditions. In addition, Nas Daily, who has more than 40 million followers on his social media, and his team will participate.

The guests of the event have arrived in Ulaanbaatar.

Nuseir Yassin, the founder of “Nas Daily” will release content on 6 topics about Mongolia. And the first video featuring Mongolian women was released yesterday, and a total of 70 million people have watched it.

This summit will be the big opportunity for local content creators to make international collaboration and to share the same stage with international speakers.

In the forested, snowy mountains of Tsaatan, a herdsman and his family tie his reindeer herd to trees to let them graze. Uvugdorj Delger, 70, is Dukha, but he speaks to the children in the Mongolian language. When asked why he doesn’t speak the Dukha language, he sighs and says only elders like him speak it now.

The Dukha are the last reindeer herders of Mongolia. Many live deep in the taiga of north Mongolia, where temperatures can drop to minus 53 degrees Celsius in the winter and rarely rise above 23 in the summer (a swing in Fahrenheit from 63 below zero to 73 degrees). Although historically related to the ethnic Tuva people, who live in parts of Mongolia, Russia and China, the 427 Dukha of Tsagaannuur soum have their own traditions and speak a distinct variety of the Tuva language.

The pristine nature of the taiga and the rareness of reindeer husbandry persuade a few tourists to endure the bumpy roads — passable only by horse during the summer — to come here, where they can ride reindeer, sleep in traditional Dukha tents, called urts in Mongolian (not to be confused with the Mongolian yurt), and buy handicrafts made from reindeer antlers.

Whatever memorable travel stories they take with them, however, overlooks a difficult reality for the Dukha — one of land, culture and language loss.

With environmental protections encroaching on their traditional territory, and many Dukha increasingly leaving the taiga and assimilating into Mongolian society, Dukha culture could be lost forever in a few generations. “All we have left is our reindeer and our urts,” says Uvugdorj.

However, one Dukha woman is determined to see her culture alive and vibrant again. With no government support, Ulziisaikhan Sodov runs Mongolia’s only museum, and one of the country’s only formal initiatives, dedicated to celebrating Dukha history, language and tradition.

The Dukha Culture and Development Center, a two-story log house built on Ulziisaikhan’s own property in 2016, is in Tsagaannuur soum, the main village near the taiga in Khuvsgul province. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks, the center houses a specialized library and artifacts inherited by her family or donated by the community at her request — traditional deels, antlers, leather handicrafts and tools, birch and wooden bowls — all carefully displayed in glass cases.

“When the building for the center was about to finish … I told people that we need things to put in the museum,” says Ulziisaikhan. “Elders brought things they found in their barns that they decided not to throw out as garbage.”

She was the last person who cherished her history and culture.

Her enthusiasm and vitality, typical of those who have led a nomadic life, is palpable. Ulziisaikhan speaks proudly of her grandmother, her greatest inspiration. “[She] was the last person who cherished her history and culture, cooked on a traditional open-fire stove, and never spoke Mongolian language.”

Ulziisaikhan’s next big project is to set up an FM radio station to air content in the Dukha language, but she needs to raise more funds before that can happen. The only government aid she has ever received was from the Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency, which went to the museum’s construction. Donations from tourists are the center’s only source of income, which now is hardly enough to pay for basic maintenance such as heating — there’s no insulation in the building, which is why it remains closed during winter. A fireplace would be too dangerous to the precious objects preserved inside.

When visitors disappeared during the coronavirus pandemic, Ulziisaikhan’s income suffered. She decided to run for local elections in the hopes of securing a salary. (She won, and is now leader of her bagh, the smallest administrative unit in Mongolia.) Still, making money off the objects she collected isn’t her goal. “I don’t feel comfortable showing these items to people like goods in a shop without being able to elevate people’s understanding of what Dukha people were like,” she says.

In 2013, one year after the then-president of Mongolia visited the area for the first time, the government established a monthly allowance for all adults who live in the taiga and herd reindeer; children up to age 18 receive half of the allowance. Currently, the allowance is set at 240,400 Mongolian togrogs (70 United States dollars), and 382 Dukha receive it.

More welcome changes came in 2022, when a Dukha-language program was introduced for the first time in Tsagaannuur soum’s school. Classes are available as an optional course once a week to children in grades four and up. Out of the school’s 560 students, 200 are Dukha, says Sanjaa Myagmar, who was the school principal at the time of the interview. Last year, 98 students enrolled in the language class, including Dukha and Darkhad, a Mongolian subgroup living in Khuvsgul province.

It would have been better if the government developed tourism.

But teachers struggle with a lack of appropriate textbooks — materials come from nearby Bayan-Ulgii province and Russia’s Republic of Tuva, where different varieties of the language are spoken.

“The Dukha used to speak their native language fluently until the early 1990s. Now less than 10% speak it,” Ulziisaikhan says. She laments how little support the government lends to preserving Dukha traditions, and says, for example, that the cash allowance for those living in the taiga should come with an obligation to speak the Dukha language. “It would have been better if the government developed tourism … by effectively introducing what the main culture, food and values of Dukha people were like.”

While that doesn’t happen, she’ll keep fighting to turn her center “into a real museum,” Ulziisaikhan says, modestly. “I want to show the amazing history of how the ancient Dukha people lived in the past and how they do now.”

(source: world crunch)

With China recording its slowest growth in decades, its economic chill threatens to give neighboring Mongolia a serious case of the flu. Resource-rich but undiversified Mongolian economy depends on China for over 90% of exports and could see growth slashed as Chinese demand weakens.

Steel making in China

Mongolia’s impressive GDP growth - hitting 7.9% in Q1 2023 - has been built on supplying coal, copper and other minerals to its giant neighbor.

But with China’s property sector slowing down amid a brewing debt crisis, Mongolian commodity exporters are facing challenges from lower demand and prices. State revenues and foreign reserves are set to take a hit.

And it’s not just commodities. Chinese tourism and investment are important economic sources for Mongolia, but they also pose some challenges and uncertainties. With China’s economy at its most feeble since 1976, we can expect sharp drops in both.

Mongolian firms heavily reliant on Chinese visitors and investments will have challenging times.

The anticipated casino bill, which could have significantly attracted Chinese tourists, is currently pending approval.

There are some silver linings. Declining global commodity prices will ease inflation pressures at home. And reduced Chinese demand could open trade opportunities with third countries. But these positives pale compared to the loss of Mongolia’s main growth engine.

Mongolia’s policymakers have a battle ahead. Fiscal spending may help soften the blow in the short-term, but risks debt concerns.

Maintaining high interest rates seem inevitable to protect the tugrik currency as foreign reserves start falling. Using its sovereign wealth fund could provide breathing room, but rainy day savings only go so far.

In forecasting just 4.5% economic growth in Mongolia this year, the IMF has already baked in significant downside risks from China’s downturn.

But further deceleration may be in store if Beijing fails to course correct.

Mongolia’s lack of economic diversification means it has little insulation from the cold winds blowing from its neighbor.

With prudent policies, Ulaanbaatar can hope to emerge without catching pneumonia. But China’s massive economy sneezing inevitably means its small, export-reliant neighbor Mongolia will get sick. There is no vaccine for this economic flu yet.

BY Amar Adiya

Erdene Resource Development (TSX: ERD)(MSE: ERDN) said on Tuesday it expects to pour first gold at its Bayan Khundii project in southwestern Mongolia in late 2025, when it will become one of the country’s primary producers of the precious metal.

Announcing results of an updated independent feasibility study for Bayan Khundi, chief executive officer Peter Akerley said the mine will be one of the world’s highest grade open-pit gold operations.

Highlights of the study include a base case after-tax net present value of $170 million, using a 5% discount rate, and 35.3% internal rate of return (IRR), increasing to $196 million and 38.95% IRR, respectively, at the current gold price of $1,900 per ounce.

Production is expected to average 74,200 ounces of gold a year at an all-in sustaining cost of $869 per ounce over its 6.5-year mine life.

Compared with the 2020 feasibility study, total recovered ounces increased 25% to 476,000 ounces thanks mainly to the incorporation of additional resources from Bayan Khundii and the Dark Horse Mane deposit.

“Through our strategic alliance with MMC, Mongolia’s largest independent miner, we are moving rapidly towards production,” Akerley said. “In the meantime, we continue to explore, discover and develop the other mineral deposits in our Khundii minerals district.”

While coal has been one of Mongolia’s main mining exports, the country has been investing in sustainable development, with initiatives in green agriculture and renewable energy.

The country is also host to Rio Tinto’s (ASX, LON: RIO) Oyu Tolgoi, which will become the world’s fourth-biggest source of copper at its peak production, in 2030.

Mongolia, a landlocked country in East Asia, is now home to an impressive new glass greenhouse spanning over 800 square meters. This innovative project aims to revolutionize vegetable cultivation in the region, ensuring a steady supply of fresh, locally-grown produce. The glass-covered greenhouse provides an ideal environment for vegetables to thrive. The transparent walls allow ample sunlight to penetrate, ensuring optimal photosynthesis and growth. Additionally, the controlled temperature and humidity levels inside the greenhouse create an ideal microclimate for plants. This means that regardless of the harsh Mongolian climate, vegetables can now be cultivated throughout the year.

The introduction of this new greenhouse is a game-changer for Mongolia's agricultural sector. Previously, the country heavily relied on imported vegetables, which often resulted in high prices and limited availability. However, with the establishment of this state-of-the-art facility, local farmers can now cultivate a wide variety of vegetables, reducing the need for imports and ensuring a stable supply for the domestic market.

Furthermore, the greenhouse offers an opportunity for farmers to diversify their income sources. Many traditional Mongolian farmers have relied solely on livestock farming, which is heavily dependent on weather conditions. With the addition of vegetable cultivation, farmers can now secure a more stable income throughout the year. This not only benefits the farmers but also strengthens the overall resilience of the agricultural sector in Mongolia. The new glass greenhouse is not only economically beneficial but also environmentally friendly. By growing vegetables locally, the need for long-distance transportation is greatly reduced, resulting in lower carbon emissions. Additionally, the controlled environment inside the greenhouse minimizes the use of pesticides and herbicides, promoting sustainable farming practices.

Moreover, the glass greenhouse serves as an educational center for aspiring farmers and students interested in agriculture. It provides a platform for knowledge sharing and practical training, ensuring the transfer of modern farming techniques and practices. This contributes to the development of a skilled workforce and promotes the adoption of advanced agricultural methods in Mongolia.

The Opening Ceremony of the “Ulaanbaatar-2023" East Asian Youth Games will start tomorrow at 20:23 at the Central Stadium.

Mongolia will host the Games until August 23. Inspections and rehearsals for the opening of the Games have been held, and the organizers have prepared many surprises.

"Ulaanbaatar 2023" East Asian Youth Games opening and tournament tickets can be ordered on the TICKET.MN website and purchased at ticket sales points.

Seven of the nine East Asian National Olympic Committees will participate in the Games, in which 808 athletes will compete, and 226 coaches, 123 technical and referee representatives appointed by Asian sports federations, and 191 national judges and technical staff, altogether 1600 men, and more than 1,000 volunteers will be engaged. Over 400 artists will perform in the Opening Ceremony, and the Games will commence with a boxing match.