Last decade, a couple of surveys on ambient and household air pollution and its impact were locally conducted and findings of these surveys have been used for evidence-informed decision making. A joint research team of Mongolia and Canada estimated in 2011 that 29 percent of cardiopulmonary deaths and 40 percent of lung cancer deaths in Ulaanbaatar city are attributable to ambient air pollution.

The 2017 National Program on Reduction of Air and Environmental Pollution provides a roadmap to decrease air pollutants by 80 percent, prohibit the use of unprocessed coal anywhere except for thermal power plants in Ulaanbaatar, and reduce air and environmental pollution by at least 50 percent by 2025. WHO reviewed that it is crucial to conduct systematic assessment of the sources of air pollution, and identify the most effective interventions to eliminate or control them.