The incident that befell Alaska Airlines Flight 1282 on Friday would have been terrifying for passengers, but ultimately no-one was seriously hurt and the aircraft landed safely.

However, the picture could have been very different if the failure had happened further into the flight.

The incident happened minutes after take-off from Portland International Airport while the aircraft - a Boeing 737 Max 9 plane - was still climbing.

An unused emergency exit door blew out, leaving a gaping hole in the side of the fuselage.

The plane suffered a rapid loss of cabin pressure, as air rushed out and the atmosphere within the plane equalised with the thinner air outside.

The impact of this was reduced by two key factors. First of all, the passengers would all have been wearing seatbelts at this stage in the flight, keeping them in their seats.

Secondly, data from aircraft monitoring sites show that the plane reached a maximum height of around 16,300ft before descending quickly.

The cruising height of a 737 Max is around 38,000ft. At this level, the difference between the pressure inside the aircraft and the atmosphere outside is much greater. Had the door blown out here, the sudden rush of air would have been much more violent, and potentially lethal, especially if passengers were not wearing seatbelts.

"Passengers in the seats immediately adjacent, or in other seats around it who weren't wearing a seatbelt could have been sucked out of the aircraft", explained Tim Atkinson, an aviation consultant and former aircraft accident investigator.

"I guess the worst case could be you lose a row full of people and a couple of others standing nearby as well."

The temperature in the aircraft would also have dropped dramatically. Air at such altitudes is typically very cold, around -57C (-71F).

Passengers and crew would have been reliant on emergency oxygen. Without it they would have quickly lost consciousness.

In 2018, exactly such an incident occurred to an older model of Boeing 737 being operated by Southwest Airlines. Debris from an engine failure broke one of the cabin windows while the plane was travelling at 32,000ft.

The aircraft suffered a sudden decompression, and one passenger was partially sucked out of the window. She died as a result of her injuries.

The immediate concern in this case is whether what happened to Flight 1282 could happen to other aircraft. The door in question is meant to be securely bolted to the fuselage using four bolts. The aircraft was only two months old, meaning simple wear and tear is unlikely to have been a factor.

That is why Alaska Airlines initially chose to ground its fleet of 737 Max 9s.

The US regulator, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) followed suit, temporarily grounding 171 aircraft for inspections.

"It could be design, it could be a manufacturing defect, or a combination of the two. Or it could be something else, something unknown", said Mr Atkinson.

For Boeing, there is an additional problem.

The aircraft involved in the incident was a variant of the 737 Max, the latest generation of Boeing's 737 workhorse. The plane, designed to be much more fuel efficient than previous models, has been a hit with airlines. But its safety record has been badly tarnished.

In late 2018 and early 2019, two aircraft were lost in near identical accidents, off the coast of Indonesia and outside the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa.

A total of 346 people were killed. Both crashes were caused by flawed flight control software, which ultimately forced the planes into catastrophic dives, despite the best efforts of the pilots.

Those incidents led to the grounding of the global 737 Max fleet for more than 18 months while the problem was rectified and further safety checks were carried out. The head of the FAA subsequently described the design as "the most scrutinised transport aircraft in history".

However, since the 737 Max came back into service, there have been a number of high profile problems with the programme, including electrical faults and quality control issues.

Safety campaigners have also expressed concern about the number of reported malfunctions aboard aircraft that have gone into service.

In December, Boeing called on airlines to inspect rudders on their aeroplanes, after a bolt was found to be missing on one aircraft. It said it was acting "out of an abundance of caution".

In the wake of the accidents, Boeing faced widespread accusations of putting profit above the safety of passengers.

Whistleblowers claimed the company was putting undue pressure on its employees to build too many aircraft too quickly, leading to chaotic conditions in its factories, and corners being cut on production lines.

Boeing insists it is a different company today. Its chief executive, David Calhoun, has repeatedly emphasised its commitment to the highest standards of safety, quality and integrity.

However, some critics remain unconvinced.

'Gigantic wake-up call'

Ed Pierson is a former senior Boeing manager who warned about problems on the 737 Max production line before the two crashes. He now heads an organisation called the Foundation for Aviation Safety, which has been scrutinising the aircraft's record.

He insisted that conditions inside Boeing's factories have not improved, and that the US regulator has been ineffective in holding the company to account.

"This is just a gigantic wake-up call", he said.

"This might just be a major blessing to have such a highly visible incident occur that will cause them to have to admit they have some serious problems."

Boeing has consistently denied such problems exist.

In a statement issued after the FAA ordered the most recent groundings, the company said: "Safety is our top priority and we deeply regret the impact this event has had on our customers and their passengers. We agree with and fully support the FAA's decision to require immediate inspections of 737-9 airplanes with the same configuration as the affected airplane."

Boeing is in the process of ramping up production of the 737 Max to cut waiting times for customers and reduce its backlog of orders.

Arguably, the timing of this latest incident involving its flagship aircraft could not have been worse.

Whatever the cause, it is likely to create further anxiety around the already-damaged 737 Max brand, particularly among passengers.

Mongolia imported the maximum volume of oil and petroleum products from abroad in December 2023, the Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia reported on Friday.

"150,000 tons of gasoline were imported from abroad. Fuel consumption is rising sharply due to increased mining exports and Mongolia's economic growth," the official statement said.

Imports of diesel fuel increased by 36% and of AI-92 gasoline by 10% during this period compared to last year.

The average life expectancy of the population of Mongolia was calculated in 1992 for the first time and amounted to 62.77 years. The average life expectancy in the country has increased by 8.53 years in 30 years until 2022.

The life expectancy reached 69.9 years in 2015. It became 71.3 years in 2022, an increase of 1.4 years.

According to the study, the average life expectancy of men has increased from 60.7 to 67.3 years over the past 30 years, and the average life expectancy of women has increased from 64.9 to 76.7 years.

The difference between the average life expectancy of men and women as of 2022 is 9.4 years, the National Statistics Office of Mongolia notes.

ROME – Religion, like politics, is basically local. Faith isn’t forged in the HQs of spiritual bureaucracies and their political battles, however riveting those conflicts may be for journalists, bloggers and posters on social media.

Belief instead is won or lost in the trenches, one person, one heart and mind, at a time.

In that spirit, I’d like to suggest that my wife, Elise, and I experienced the Christmas season this year in an ideal setting to taste the local nature of the faith, almost entirely untainted by ecclesiastical politics – literally on the other side of the world, in the tiny mission church of Mongolia, with a total Catholic flock of roughly 1,450 souls.

On Christmas Eve, we witnessed the baptisms of three new Mongolian converts to the faith, all women. There is simply no place else on earth where the addition of a mere three members would actually represent a statistically significant 0.2 percent jump in the national Catholic population, but there it was.

Ironically, we ended up in Ulaanbaatar, the world’s coldest capital city, despite my stated aim of spending the holidays somewhere warm.

As it happens, however, the frigid temperatures of the Mongolian capital stood in stark contrast to the warmth of the emerging Catholic culture there, under the leadership of Italian Cardinal Giorgio Marengo and an improbable band of missionaries from across the Catholic spectrum, from Cameroon to India and points beyond.

Herewith, four random musings on this remarkable missionary church – which, taken together, perhaps drive home the point that while Rome may be great theater, the real drama of Catholic life is unfolding almost everywhere else.

Missionary Zeal

While Mongolia may be about as far away from Rome as a Catholic can get in existential terms, there’s a curious way in which the two places do share something in common: They are both remarkably priest-rich.

Globally speaking, there’s roughly one priest for every 3,373 Catholics in the world, although that ratio masks serious regional discrepancies. In the United States, for example, there’s one priest for every 1,300 Catholics, whereas in Africa it’s 1-5,500 and in Latin America it’s closer to 1-7,000.

One would never know there’s a priest shortage in Rome, however, and ironically, the same is true of Mongolia.

While there may be only 1,450 believers in the country, there are 25 priests plus the cardinal, which works out to a ratio of one cleric for every 56 ordinary Catholics. In addition, there are also six seminarians, 30 women religious, five religious brothers and 35 catechists hailing from 30 different countries.

All in, therefore, there are 102 ecclesiastical personnel in Mongolia, representing a ratio of one pastoral worker for every 14 believers – a stunning figure likely unmatched anywhere else on the planet. At the New Years Eve Mass this year, Marengo was joined by a robust total of 15 concelebrants, making the altar area in the cathedral almost as crowded as downtown Ulaanbaatar traffic.

Here’s the basic difference, however, between the saturation of priests in Rome and in Mongolia.

In the Eternal City, the draw often is being close to the flame. In other words, priests gravitate to Rome to make a career, because it’s the best possible place to get noticed. Pretty much the opposite is true of Mongolia – on its vast steppes, you could be the Curé d’Ars and probably only about 14 people would ever know it, none of whom run Vatican dicasteries or post influential blogs.

In other words, the preponderance of personnel in such a remote setting is a reflection of basic missionary zeal, a desire to serve a young church without fanfare or reward. It’s proof that Catholicism is still capable of generating remarkable numbers of people eager to bring the Gospel to the most remote corners of the earth … which, arguably, suggests there’s some gas left in the church’s tanks after all.

Preaching without Words

One of the striking things about a missionary church is that almost everything about it is a form of catechesis, since people there haven’t grown up in Christian culture and everything is a journey into the unknown. As a result, people pay very careful attention, not just to what’s said but also to what’s done.

A classic example came during Sunday Mass on Dec. 31 at the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul, during the distribution of communion. At one point someone accidentally dropped a host to the floor, at which point Marengo fell to his knees and began carefully picking up the crumbs from the consecrated host and putting them to his lips.

This went on a few moments, with great seriousness, until one of the missionary nuns arrived to take over so that Marengo could resume distributing communion. (Actually, it was mildly amusing to watch this elderly nun essentially muscle the 49-year-old cardinal aside, pointing brusquely for him to get back to work while she dealt with the remains of the host, whereupon Marengo immediately obeyed.)

Eventually an altar server arrived with a purifier, and, under the nun’s direction and Marengo’s watchful eye, the last remains of the host were retrieved and the area cleaned.

The whole episode probably took about 10 minutes, and, from my own observation, I can report that virtually every set of eyes in the cathedral was riveted on the scene. In the end, Marengo, the sister and the server delivered a powerful lesson on Catholic reverence for the Eucharist, and they did it without uttering a single word.

As the saying often erroneously attributed to St. Francis of Assisi goes, “Preach the Gospel always, and, when necessary, use words.” The line may be apocryphal, but as the Mongolian example proves, the sentiment definitely isn’t.

Controversy and Context

We arrived in Ulaanbaatar on Dec. 24, meaning on Christmas Eve, and returned to Rome Jan. 2, right after the New Year’s Holiday. As a result, we were in town just as the furor over Fiducia Supplicans, the Vatican’s Dec. 18 declaration regarding the non-liturgical blessing of same-sex unions, was reaching a crescendo.

On Dec. 30, Elise and I sat down with Marengo over coffee at the small pastor center in Ulaanbaatar, which gave me the opportunity to confirm a hunch: To wit, according to Marengo, Fiducia Supplicans had been in circulation for 12 days by that point, making headlines all over the world, but not a single person in Mongolia had asked him about it or, for that matter, even seemed aware of its existence.

That’s not to say there aren’t tensions over LGBTQ+ issues in Mongolian society, just like everyplace else. Homosexuality was decriminalized in 1993 and the country adopted a law covering hate crimes in 2015, with protected groups including sexual orientation and gender identity, although Mongolian law does not recognize same-sex relationships and activists claim discrimination remains widespread.

However, the tiny Catholic community here simply doesn’t have the bandwidth yet to engage such issues, since its challenges tend to be more existential.

When you’re still trying to explain the difference between a blessing with an image of the Holy Family and the magic practiced by indigenous shamans, for example, debating the fine points of who can get such blessings just doesn’t seem a towering priority.

In other words, a missionary church returns the faith to the essentials, offering a reminder that much of what we argue about back home, however important it may seem in the moment, actually is terribly secondary.

Curiosity, not Contempt

Another refreshing thing about a missionary church is that locals tend to approach the faith not with the world-weary contempt of, say, Europe and Latin America, weighed down by centuries of experience of Catholic culture.

Instead, people tend to react with genuine curiosity and even enthusiasm, charmed by the idea that somebody finds them important enough to reach out. In that context, pretty much anyone who represents this beguiling “other” becomes a de facto missionary.

For example, Elise and I spent some time in the company of a young Mongolian man named Dorjsuren, who cheerfully informed us we should call him “Doogie.” (He was, by the way, a big, hulking guy one could easily imagine as part of Gengis Khan’s conquering hordes, not at all reminiscent of the TV character “Doogie Howser, M.D.,” but he embraced the name anyway.)

Doogie works for the car rental company we used, and, as it turns out, in Mongolia you don’t just go the rental counter at the airport and pick up your vehicle. Instead, an employee meets your flight and drives you into town, concluding the contract only at your hotel, and then drives you back to the airport when you’re done.

As a result, we had two pretty good chunks of time in the car with Doogie, and, when he found out we were connected to the Vatican, it was off to the races. Especially in light of the papal visit to Mongolia in September, which had aroused his curiosity, he was full of questions, which we did our best to answer.

My favorite query came when he asked about who actually lives in the Vatican: Are they, he wanted to know, politicians or holy men? After choking back as much laughter as I possibly could, I tried to explain that the best answer is “both,” with the ratio between political ambition and sanctity of life depending on the individual.

Once we explained what a cardinal is in the Catholic system, Doogie was alternately amazed to learn Mongolia has one, not so surprised that he turned out to be an Italian, and utterly stunned to discover that this Italian actually speaks fluent Mongolian.

Honestly, I make it even money that within a year or so, Doogie will be in an RCIA program and we may actually see him baptized on our next visit.

By the way, Doogie was not an isolated case.

One highlight of our trip was the opportunity to interview members of the Mongolian folk metal band The HU, whose pulsating music and epic videos are just about the coolest thing I’ve experienced in a long time, and they too seemed genuinely intrigued by the pope and the Church. For them, Catholicism is not a system of power and wealth, because they’ve never experienced the institutional dimension of it all. Instead, Catholicism comes off as a cluster of convictions about the spiritual nature and destiny of the human family which they find genuinely inspiring, despite the fact that they’re ardent devotees of Mongolia’s indigenous worship of the eternal blue sky.

That, too, is part of the joy of a missionary church: You get to watch people encounter the faith for the first time, without preconceptions or prejudices, and their general fascination is a reminder of why, over the centuries, Christianity has struck such a wide swath of the human population as good news – however much the experience of individual Christians, alas, can sometimes be more of a mixed bag.

BY John L. Allen Jr.

First Deputy Governor of the Capital City in charge of Economy and Infrastructure, P.Sainzorig met with the representatives of the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs, the General Police Department, the Transportation Police Service, the Financial Regulation Committee and the Mongolian Insurance Association. The parties exchanged opinions on the participation of the insurance industry and solutions to reduce traffic jams within the framework of public-private partnership.

Of all the accidents, 71 percent occur between 08:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. in the capital city. It is estimated that a traffic accident causes traffic delays of 38 minutes on average. In other words, the average speed of the city's traffic slows down as the car involved in an accident stays on the road. The CEO of the Mongolian Insurance Association, J.Batjargal said "The insurance sector is developing certain solutions to reduce the traffic congestion which is one of the most pressing problems of the capital city. In order to reduce the call time of an insurance company when a traffic accident occurs, a technological solution called "Zuragu system" has been developed which can make the evaluation on the spot with the help of artificial intelligence. Also, the blockchain technology is implemented to determine where and what risks are occurring in Ulaanbaatar City through risk information mapping which is an integrated information system implemented in the insurance industry. Furthermore, the solution is being developed to introduce an insurance database that summarizes that information. By introducing these, it is possible to reduce the number of traffic accidents to a certain extent, quickly solve the causes of traffic accidents and be informed about the roads with risks of accidents."

Summary of events for the week of January 8-14, 2024.

In Ulaanbaatar:

January 8: Regular session of the Mongolian People’s Party and Democratic Party in the State Great Khural will be held in the State Palace.

January 8: There will be a meeting for journalists and media workers at the State Social Insurance General Office.

January 8: "The Current State of Governance of Hospitals of Various Specialties" and "Hospital Autonomy and Financing System" forums will be jointly organized by the Ministry of Health and University of Finance and Economics at the University of Finance and Economics.

January 9, 10: Standing Committee sessions of the State Great Khural will be held at the State

Palace.

January 10: The regular meeting of the Cabinet will be held at the State Palace.

January 10: “Amar baina uu-2024” trade fair will be held at the "New 100 Ail" service center.

January 11: The Awards Ceremony of the International Contest “Best Mongolian Calligrapher 2023” will be held in the Main Hall of the National Art Gallery of Mongolia.

January 11, 12: A Plenary Session of the State Great Khural of Mongolia will be held at the State

Palace.

January 12: The Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry, the Department of Chemical Engineering of the School of Applied Sciences of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology, and the Mongolian Chemical Society will jointly organize an academic conference on "Chemistry, Processing and Ecological Issues of Combustible Minerals".

January 13: Tchaikovsky's "The Nutcracker" ballet in two acts and four scenes will be presented on the stage of the State Opera and Ballet Academic Theatre.

Local events:

January 11-12: "Tsodgor Huu-2024" regional championship of youth chess players will be held in Khuvsgul aimag.

January 12-14: Arkhangai aimag will organize the "WinterLand Ice Festival 2024" event to revive rural development, improve the livelihood of herders, and develop winter tourism.

January 13-14: Selenge aimag’s 100-round checkers tournament will be held at the aimag's Department of Physical Education and Sports.

After technical issues were resolved at Phu Quoc International Airport on Phu Quoc Island off Kien Giang Province in southern Vietnam, an Airbus A330-202 with registration number EAZ212, operated by Eznis Airways, took off at 1:37 pm on Thursday, with 200 passengers bound for Mongolia.

Nguyen Minh Dong, director of Phu Quoc International Airport, said on Thursday that the flight departed the airport at about 3:00 am on Wednesday.

However, the aircraft encountered a technical problem and had to revert to a holding pattern for three hours.

It later landed safely at Phu Quoc International Airport.

Airport authorities coordinated with relevant agencies to take the flight’s passengers to local hotels so that they could rest before boarding the flight again.

After the issues were resolved, the flight took off at 1:37 pm on Thursday and arrived in Mongolia at about 7:30 pm the same day.

Company Gobi, one of the largest cashmere brands in Mongolia, will officially cooperate with the Barcelona club.

Representatives of Mongolia met with President of the Barcelona club Joan Laporta and other officials this month. The sides agreed to cooperate, with Gobi company providing the club with sweaters, scarves, hats and gloves.

Barcelona, also known as Barça, is a Spanish professional football club from the city of the same name, the most titled club in Spain and the top 5 championships.

According to Resolution No.12 dated October 13, 2023 of the tripartite National Committee for Labor and Social Partnership, the minimum wage of Mongolia was increased by 20% and became MNT 660,000. The decision is effective starting from January 1, 2024.

In Mongolia, over 100,000 citizens get the salary of above amount.

As defined in the International Labor Organization, “The minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work performed during a given period, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract, and the purpose of minimum wages is to protect workers against unduly low pay”.

According to the law on Minimum Wage of Mongolia, the Minimum wage shall mean the minimum limit of the basic hourly remuneration /wage/ that should be observed in general which was determined by the competent person in order to protect the legal interests of employees and workers who work under labor contracts, hired work contracts, and other similar contracts for simple jobs that do not require specific education or special skills.

4.2.The minimum wage shall be determined or changed by taking into account of the following factors:

Changes in the minimum standard of living of the population;

Appropriate ratio of labor productivity and average salary;

The minimum amount of full pension to be provided by the social insurance fund;

Economic growth and employment level;

Inflation rate;