Walmart to buy Jet.com for $3.3bn www.bbc.com

China sees effects of coal capacity cuts: Top economic planner www.chinadaily.com

Oil prices rise on renewed output freeze talks, but fundamentals remain weak www.reuters.com

Vale looking to raise $10B through Chinese streaming deal www.mining.com

France's Valeo, Ichikoh to develop automotive digital mirror www.asia.nikkei.com

China launches first mobile telecoms satellite from Beijing www.bbc.com

Sony to issue 100bn yen in bonds www.asia.nikkei.com

TOKYO -- Sony plans to raise some 100 billion yen ($982 million) by issuing bonds to institutional investors, perhaps in September.

Panama Papers: Pieth says officials are in denial as he quits www.bbc.com

The Swiss anti-corruption expert, Mark Pieth, has told the BBC he resigned from the Panama Papers commission because of government interference.
Mr Pieth said officials told him that they would have final say on whether to publish the panel's findings on the offshore tax evasion scandal.
Joseph Stiglitz, a Nobel Prize-winning economist, also resigned.
The seven-person panel was set up by Panama's government in April 2016 to improve transparency.
Speaking on the BBC's Newshour programme, Mr Pieth said he had received a letter from Panama's authorities stating that they would have the final say on whether to publish the panel's report.

Mongolia Faces a Debt Crisis www.wsj.com

That Mongolia could face an external debt crisis seemed inconceivable just a few years ago. The country of three million people is so rich in copper, gold, coal, iron and other mineral resources that some dubbed it the Kuwait of Asia. Yet today Mongolia faces a real risk of becoming the first mineral-rich country to fall prey to the “resource curse” before it even develops its resources.

The crisis traces back to 2012, when a new Mongolian coalition government took office facing extremely favorable economic conditions, including high mineral prices and strong demand from China. Gross domestic product had grown by 17.3% in 2011 and by another 12.3% in 2012, making the country a global leader.

Investment flowed into Mongolia as a result of an agreement with Rio Tinto to develop the massive Oyu Tolgoi copper-and-gold resource in the Gobi Desert. There was also strong interest in the equally massive Tavan Tolgoi coal deposit in that region, along with other coal, iron and copper deposits.

But the new government had won election by making highly populist promises, and this led to a contradictory agenda. On the one hand, the government attempted to renegotiate the already signed Oyu Tolgoi agreement, and in general started seeking better terms from foreign mining firms. This led to a quick drop in investment, growth and revenues. At the same time, the government rapidly expanded spending on housing, government salaries, social welfare and pensions.

The only way the government could finance the resulting large budget deficit was by borrowing. For the first time, Mongolia became a significant global issuer of commercial paper. Between 2012 and June 2016, the government raised $3.6 billion, roughly one-third of GDP, on global bond markets, paying high interest rates. Adding in the swap arrangements with the Chinese central bank and other loan guarantees, Mongolia’s external debt position by 2015 became highly precarious, with total debt of more than 70% of GDP.

There was also a massive buildup of domestic debt. In a throwback to the planned-economy era, the banking sector once again became a major financier of government programs. Total loans in the economy doubled in the first two years of the 2012 government’s term, and the money supply expanded at an extraordinarily rapid pace. Nonperforming loans began to build up.

The state-owned Development Bank of Mongolia, established in 2011, tapped international bond markets to finance infrastructure projects and other programs whose capacity to generate an adequate financial return was far from clear. At the same time, the central bank launched two large direct-lending initiatives through the commercial banks. A “price support program” offered low-interest loans to businesses, while a subsidized mortgage-lending program propped up Mongolia’s real-estate and construction sectors.

As a result, direct central bank claims on commercial banks, which had long been near zero, soared to more than four trillion Mongolian togrog, or more almost $2 billion, by the end of 2013. These programs have been kept off the government’s budget, another throwback to the planned-economy days.

By 2014, international financial institutions expressed measured but clear concern about the deteriorating economic situation. The central bank slowed monetary expansion and budgets were tightened somewhat. This coincided with a continued collapse in foreign investment and a steady decline in global mineral prices due to China’s slowdown. As a result, Mongolia’s growth slowed sharply to 2.3% in 2015 and is likely to be zero or negative in 2016.

But the current economic downturn isn’t primarily due to a decline in global commodity prices. It is the result of the government borrowing heavily against future export earnings while taking actions that deferred the day when those exports would materialize. Instead of preparing for an inevitable cyclical downturn in commodity prices, the government took steps that magnified that downturn’s impact.

One alarm bell sounded in May when the Mongolian Mining Corporation, a 100% private company with a large stake in the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine, defaulted on the $500 million bond it issued in 2012. Although not unexpected, this default is a harbinger of more trouble to come. In the next two years, Mongolia’s cash-strapped government must repay $1.2 billion in commercial debt.

Just two years ago there was still active discussion in Mongolia about creating a sovereign-wealth fund to manage the big foreign-currency surpluses mining would generate. Now the country faces the real possibility of an external debt crisis and sovereign default.

Having borrowed irresponsibly and enjoyed an unsustainable increase in its standard of living, Mongolia has no choice now but to tighten its fiscal belt for the next few years, while encouraging a rebound in sustainable sources of growth. The country must rebuild trust with foreign investors by creating fair and transparent bidding procedures and honoring past contracts, while avoiding the well-known environmental and economic traps that commodity exporters face.

Mongolians elected a new government in June, with a clear mandate to turn the economic situation around. The opportunity is still there, but time is running out. Everyone in the country should be clear that tough steps are needed and the cost of failure could be years of lost growth.

Mr. Bikales is an economist who has advised many Mongolian governments since 1991.

Rio Olympics 2016: Games set for opening ceremony www.bbc.com

The 2016 Olympic Games officially start in Rio on Friday with the opening ceremony at the Maracana Stadium.

Athletes from 206 nations and a refugee team are in Brazil to compete in 28 sports and be watched by a global audience of billions.

The build-up has been dominated by a Russian doping scandal, the Zika virus and issues with the city's security, infrastructure and venues.

But it is time for the sporting action to take centre stage.

These are the Games of the 31st Olympiad but are the 28th to be held as those in 1916, 1940 and 1944 did not take place because of war.

The Games - held in South America for the first time - officially take place between 5 and 21 August, but they have actually already started.

The opening ceremony is at midnight BST on Friday night but the action kicked off two days ago with the women's football.

Defending Olympic men's tennis champion Andy Murray will be Great Britain's flag bearer inside Rio's Maracana stadium on Friday.

An estimated three billion people will watch the ceremony, which has taken five years to produce and includes 300 dancers, 5,000 volunteers and 12,000 costumes.

Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bundchen and Briton Dame Judi Dench are confirmed to have roles in the production before the 207 competing teams take part in the Parade of Nations.

You can watch the opening ceremony on BBC One and online, with further coverage on BBC Radio 5 live, from 23:40 BST on Friday.

Swimmers Yusra Mardini and Rami Anis are part of the Refugee Olympic Team
Swimmers Yusra Mardini and Rami Anis are part of the Refugee Olympic Team
There will be 10,500 athletes from a record 207 teams competing in Rio, including the Refugee Olympic Team, while it will be the first time Kosovo and South Sudan have taken part in the Games.

The Refugee Olympic Team will compete under the Olympic flag and has 10 members - five from South Sudan, two from Syria, two from DR Congo and one from Ethiopia.

With 554 athletes, the United States has the largest Olympic team, but 100m runner Etimoni Timuani is the only athlete from the South Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

The Rio Games will be the first to feature Olympians born since the year 2000 - and the youngest is 13-year-old Nepalese swimmer Gaurika Singh.

What about Russia?

The build-up to Rio has been overshadowed by events in Russia, after the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) report into state-sponsored doping in the country.

It seemed at one stage that no Russian athletes would be at the Games after Wada recommended a blanket ban.

But the International Olympic Committee (IOC) said individual sporting federations must rule on whether Russians can compete.

Their decisions were then ratified by a three-person IOC panel.

On Thursday, the IOC cleared 271 Russian athletes from the country's original entry list of 389, though 67 of its 68 track and field athletes have been barred by the sport's governing body.

Any other problems?

Plenty.

Brazil is in a deep recession and political crisis, while protests marred the arrival of the Olympic torch in Rio on Wednesday.

A New Zealand jiu-jitsu athlete claims he was kidnapped in Rio, while Chinese state media criticised security after women fencers were robbed and shooting team members found "unauthorised payments" on their credit cards.

Brazil has drafted in 85,000 security personnel from 55 countries who will be stationed at the sport venues, Olympic Village, airports and main roads - almost twice as many as were at the 2012 London Olympics. There is also 200km of security fencing being used.

More than 500,000 tourists are expected to come to the Games and organisers say more than one million of the 7.5 million tickets remain unsold.

security at rio
Security is tight in Rio with 85,000 security personnel drafted in
There have also been issues with the Olympic Village and the sailing venue.

Australia initially refused to move into the village, in the Barra da Tijuca neighbourhood, citing electrical problems, gas and water leaks among other issues in their building.

When they did eventually move in, the team were evacuated for a small fire and returned to their rooms to find essential equipment had been stolen.

At the sailing venue in Guanabara Bay, a taskforce removed 25.4 tonnes of floating rubbish during last year's Olympic test event.

But Rio officials admit they have failed to keep up promises to clean the water and the Associated Press says swallowing just three teaspoons of water from the bay is likely to lead to illness.

This is not the first time a host city has been criticised for its preparations, but the IOC says Rio is now "ready to welcome the world".

Brazil is at the centre of an outbreak of Zika virus, that is spread by mosquitoes and can lead to birth defects.

It is so serious the World Health Organisation has recommended pregnant women avoid travelling to the Games - but mosquitoes are rare in August and in June it recommended the Games not be moved or cancelled.

That advice has not stopped a number of the world's top golfers and tennis players withdrawing, citing Zika fears.

But what about the actual sport?

Competitions will take place across 32 venues in Rio, with football matches also scheduled for the cities of Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, Manaus, Salvador and Sao Paulo.

There are 306 events in 28 Olympic sports but none are bigger than the 100m sprint final and the world's fastest man Usain Bolt.

The Jamaican is aiming for an unprecedented triple triple, as he tries to win the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay titles for the third time - and his battle with American sprinter Justin Gatlin is likely to be a highlight of the Games.

USA swimmer Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian of all time, will be looking to add to his 18 gold medals.

American tennis player Serena Williams could win her fifth Olympic medal, while Team USA's star-studded basketball team will be aiming for their third consecutive gold.

Brazil's Barcelona striker Neymar will once again carry the hopes of the home nation as they go for gold in the men's football.

Among those who miss out are top tennis players Roger Federer and Stan Wawrinka, NBA stars Stephen Curry and LeBron James and a number of golfers.

Anything new?

Golf is returning after a 112-year absence but without more than 20 of its top players.

The top four male golfers Jason Day, Jordan Spieth, Rory McIlroy and Dustin Johnson have all withdrawn because of Zika fears.

In fact, only four of the top 10 will be in Rio - and McIlroy said he probably will not even watch television coverage of golf at the Games, preferring "track and field, swimming, diving, the stuff that matters".

Rugby sevens will be making its debut at the Olympics, although rugby union featured regularly at the Games until 1924.

Team GB medal hopes

mo farah and ennis-hill
Farah and Ennis-Hill will be defending their Olympic titles in Rio
Great Britain's athletes have been set a minimum target of winning 48 medals, which would make Rio their most successful overseas Olympics.

Sport statistics company Infostrada is forecasting Team GB will finish fourth in the Rio 2016 medal table with 51 - 18 gold, 16 silver and 17 bronze.

World champion Mo Farah will be attempting to defend his 5,000m and 10,000m titles.

Fellow defending Olympic champion Jessica Ennis-Hill will be up against team-mate Katarina Johnson-Thompson in the women's heptathlon.

Nicola Adams, who became the first British woman to win Olympic boxing gold in London, will be out to defend her title, while cyclist Sir Bradley Wiggins could become Britain's most decorated Olympian with gold in the men's team pursuit.

Swimmer Adam Peaty, taekwondo's Bianca Walkden, cyclist Laura Trott, sailor Giles Scott and shooter Amber Hill are among Britain's gold medal prospects in Rio.

Chief sports writer Tom Fordyce on Team GB's top 12 medal hopes

Rio is four hours behind the UK and most of the gold medal events will be late evening/early morning so be prepared to become a night owl or an early riser.

Britain's first gold medal could go to Chris Froome or Lizzie Armitstead as they go in the men's and women's road race on Saturday and Sunday.

Swimming dominates the early part of the Games with the track and field events starting on Friday, 12 August.

The highlight of the action inside the Olympic Stadium is the men's 100m final at 02:25 BST on Monday, 15 August, so set your alarm clocks.

Saturday, 13 August sees a potential London 2012 'Super Saturday' repeat, with Ennis-Hill in the heptathlon, Farah in the 10,000m and Greg Rutherford in the long jump.

The BBC will bring you live coverage of every gold medal at Rio 2016 across TV, radio and digital platforms - this will be the first mobile Olympics.

BBC TV will broadcast more than 3,000 hours of coverage, including 550 hours on BBC One and BBC Four, while Radio 5 live will have extensive live coverage.