1 MONGOLIA MARKS CENTENNIAL WITH A NEW COURSE FOR CHANGE WWW.EASTASIAFORUM.ORG PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      2 E-MART OPENS FIFTH STORE IN ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA, TARGETING K-FOOD CRAZE WWW.BIZ.CHOSUN.COM PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      3 JAPAN AND MONGOLIA FORGE HISTORIC DEFENSE PACT UNDER THIRD NEIGHBOR STRATEGY WWW.ARMYRECOGNITION.COM  PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      4 CENTRAL BANK LOWERS ECONOMIC GROWTH FORECAST TO 5.2% WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      5 L. OYUN-ERDENE: EVERY CITIZEN WILL RECEIVE 350,000 MNT IN DIVIDENDS WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      6 THE BILL TO ELIMINATE THE QUOTA FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN MONGOLIA HAS BEEN SUBMITTED WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      7 THE SECOND NATIONAL ONCOLOGY CENTER TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN ULAANBAATAR WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      8 GREEN BOND ISSUED FOR WASTE RECYCLING WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      9 BAGANUUR 50 MW BATTERY STORAGE POWER STATION SUPPLIES ENERGY TO CENTRAL SYSTEM WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      10 THE PENSION AMOUNT INCREASED BY SIX PERCENT WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      КОКС ХИМИЙН ҮЙЛДВЭРИЙН БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫГ ИРЭХ ОНЫ ХОЁРДУГААР УЛИРАЛД ЭХЛҮҮЛНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     "ЭРДЭНЭС ТАВАНТОЛГОЙ” ХК-ИЙН ХУВЬЦАА ЭЗЭМШИГЧ ИРГЭН БҮРД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГ ӨНӨӨДӨР ОЛГОНО WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГИЙН ОРЛОГО 2040 ОНД 38 ИХ НАЯДАД ХҮРЭХ ТӨСӨӨЛӨЛ ГАРСАН WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ЭРДЭНЭС ОЮУ ТОЛГОЙ” ХХК-ИАС ХЭРЛЭН ТООНО ТӨСЛИЙГ ӨМНӨГОВЬ АЙМАГТ ТАНИЛЦУУЛЛАА WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     Л.ОЮУН-ЭРДЭНЭ: ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГААС НЭГ ИРГЭНД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГИЙН ХАДГАЛАМЖ ҮҮСЛЭЭ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ENTRÉE RESOURCES” 2 ЖИЛ ГАРУЙ ҮРГЭЛЖИЛСЭН АРБИТРЫН МАРГААНД ЯЛАЛТ БАЙГУУЛАВ WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ORANO MINING”-ИЙН ГЭРЭЭ БОЛОН ГАШУУНСУХАЙТ-ГАНЦМОД БООМТЫН ТӨСЛИЙН АСУУДЛААР ЗАСГИЙН ГАЗАР ХУРАЛДАЖ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     АЖИЛЧДЫН САРЫН ГОЛЧ ЦАЛИН III УЛИРЛЫН БАЙДЛААР ₮2 САЯ ОРЧИМ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     PROGRESSIVE EQUITY RESEARCH: 2025 ОН “PETRO MATAD” КОМПАНИД ЭЭЛТЭЙ БАЙХААР БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     2026 ОНЫГ ДУУСТАЛ ГАДААД АЖИЛТНЫ ТОО, ХУВЬ ХЭМЖЭЭГ ХЯЗГААРЛАХГҮЙ БАЙХ ХУУЛИЙН ТӨСӨЛ ӨРГӨН МЭДҮҮЛЭВ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19    

Events

Name organizer Where
MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

NEWS

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The Hu to rock at this year’s Coachella Festival www.news.mn

The Mongolian folk-metal group announced a slew of tour dates following their show at this year’s Coachella Festival on 15 April, 2022.
Following Coachella, the band will be on the road until ending May 31, 2022 in Mexico City. The group is leaving no stone unturned. The tour includes stops in San Diego, Las Vegas, Detroit, Maine, Washington, DC, Nashville, and Dallas.
The band has said the tour will continue to tease new music from their highly anticipated second album, due later this year from Better Noise Music.
Founded in 2016, the band hails from Mongolia. They blend heavy metal and traditional Mongolian throat singing. The group of four guys describes their style as “Hunnu Rock.” The Hunnu people were an ancient Mongolian empire. Their name, The Hu, is the Mongolian root word for human being.
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Foreign Investment Agency to be re-established under Ministry of Economy and Development www.montsame.mn

Today on February 16, Minister of Finance B.Javkhlan announced that the strategy and development policy for the Ministry of Economy and Development was approved at the regular Cabinet meeting.
With the changes made to the 2022 State Budget and the Law on the Government, the Ministry of Economy and Development was officially established in January this year. “By having the strategy and development policy approved by the Cabinet, the Ministry is provided with opportunities and proper structure to fulfill its duties that have been reflected in the respective law. In its framework, an agency is also being established on foreign investment,” highlighted Minister B.Javkhlan.
“Previously, the Foreign Investment Agency carried out its operations independently under the Government. The agency is now being re-established under the current government after many years. With the re-establishment of the agency, Mongolia’s mid- and long-term policies and plans for foreign investment will become very clear, creating the appropriate conditions to connect foreign investors to large-scale construction projects being carried out domestically as well as with other economic sectors. The agency will be in charge of promoting current opportunities for making investments in Mongolia by carrying out wide-scale works to introduce the country’s business sectors,” he said.
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Agreement on external inspection and sample of copper concentrate renewed www.montsame.mn

On February 15, Central Geological Laboratory state-owned enterprise and Oyu Tolgoi LLC renewed and signed the agreement to conduct an external inspection and sample of copper concentrate for export.
Under the government’s resolution dated in 2013, the Central Geological Laboratory (CGL) became responsible for conducting an external inspection and sample of copper concentrate for export. Accordingly, the CGL and Oyu Tolgoi LLC first established the agreement on June 1, 2013.
The laboratory has been continuously performing high-quality and international standards works, such as taking samples from every packaged copper concentrate to be exported by Oyu Tolgoi, determining moisture, preparing samples for testing, carrying out chemical analysis and submitting test results.
Since 2013, the laboratory has analyzed about 6.5 million tons of Oyu Tolgoi’s concentrate.
Director of the Central Geological Laboratory O. Davaasambuu said that the agreement has been renewed for five years in connection with the commencement of underground mining operations. He added that according to the renewed agreement, OT’s concentrate sample preparation and inspection work contracts would be established separately, reflecting consumer price index and international standard price for inspection.
The laboratory determines the content of copper, gold, silver and 20 elements in the packaged copper concentrates of Oyu Tolgoi LLC using internationally approved methods, including standard chemical and modern instrumental analysis methods.
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COVID-19: 834 cases, one death reported www.montsame.mn

The Ministry of Health reported today, February 16 that 834 СOVID-19 cases were recorded in the last 24 hours nationwide. In detail, 479 cases were reported in Ulaanbaatar city, with 355 cases in 21 provinces.
It was also reported that one COVID-19 related death has been reported in the past 24 hours, raising the country’s death toll to 2,077. Currently, there are 6,167 people are receiving hospital treatment for COVID-19 whilst 20,637 people with mild symptoms are being treated at home. Of the total patients currently undergoing treatment at hospitals, there are 1,723 patients in mild, 3,855 in serious, 541 in critical, and 48 in very critical conditions.
As of today, the coverage of 1st dose has reached 69.8 percent (2,270,545), 2nd dose – 66.8 percent (2,171,826) and 3rd dose or a booster shot of COVID-19 vaccines – 31.0 percent (1,015,670) of the total population. In addition, 92,216 people (2.8 percent) have received 4th vaccine dose.
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Coal is still raising trillions of dollars despite green shift www.bloomberg.com

The dirtiest fossil fuel is still raising trillions of dollars of funding, despite finance industry pledges to back net zero carbon targets by the middle of the century.
Commercial banks have channeled more than $1.5 trillion across the coal supply chain since the start of 2019, according to a report from German researcher Urgewald and its partners. The findings come just over three months after dozens of banks joined Mark Carney’s global alliance to achieve net-zero emissions from finance.
Most agree it’s necessary to fight rising temperatures, yet few major global banks are willing to shun profitable fossil-fuel clients. The biggest coal lenders included Mizuho Financial Group Inc., Barclays Plc, Citigroup Inc. and JPMorgan Chase & Co., the study showed. Chinese banks dominated the underwriting of capital raised by the coal industry.
“What we’re seeing is the tip of the iceberg,” said Heffa Schuecking, founder of Urgewald, in an interview. “This is a clear sign that companies aren’t transitioning.”
Coal sector financing
The study comes with the world burning more coal than ever as the economy bounces back from Covid-19, raising fears that 2022 could be a year of backsliding for some climate initiatives.
Still, there were some signs of a drop in financing during 2020 and 2021, though it wasn’t clear if that was the start of a trend or just the impact of the pandemic on the economy, according to Katrin Ganswindt, head of financial research at Urgewald.
Institutional investors have combined holdings of more than $1.2 trillion in the coal industry. BlackRock Inc. and Vanguard Group Inc. are the two largest, with share and bond holdings of over $100 billion each, according to the report. Both firms are members of the Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative.
There’s growing concern that coal plants could be left as stranded assets during the green transition, with countries favoring renewable power sources. Yet the report’s findings show that banks and asset managers still see opportunities to make a return.
“Vast amounts of cash are provided to an industry that is our climate’s worst enemy,” said Ganswindt.
(By John Ainger)
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Banks spend big bucks on coal projects – study www.rt.com

Commercial banks have reportedly invested some $1.5 trillion in the coal industry since 2019. The study released by campaign groups Urgewald and Reclaim Finance on Tuesday says financial giants from the US, China, Japan, India, Canada and the UK play a major role in keeping the coal industry afloat, while policymakers and business leaders persistently call for energy transition.
The research says big investors from the listed nations are responsible for more than 80% of coal financing and investment.
“These financial institutions must come under fire from all quarters: civil society organizations, financial regulators, customers and progressive investors,” Katrin Ganswindt, head of financial research at Urgewald, said in the report seen by CNBC. “Unless we end financing of coal, it will end us.”
The research outlines all corporate lending and underwriting for companies on Urgewald’s Global Coal Exit List (GCEL) but excludes green bonds and financing that is directed toward non-coal activities. It refers to a list of 1,032 corporations accounting for 90% of the world’s thermal coal production and coal-fired capacity.
Big banks pump billions into fossil fuels despite net zero pledges – climate group
“Banks like to argue that they want to help their coal clients transition, but the reality is that almost none of these companies are transitioning. And they have little incentive to do so as long as bankers continue writing them blank checks,” Ganswindt said.
The findings show that 484 commercial banks channeled $1.2 trillion to companies on the GCEL through underwriting from January 2019 through to November last year with just 12 of them accounting for 39% of the total underwriting since 2019. Another 376 lenders provided $363 billion to the coal industry.
Meanwhile, 10 of these so-called “dirty dozen” lenders are members of the UN’s Net Zero Banking Alliance – an industry-led initiative focused on aligning their portfolios with net-zero emissions by 2050.
Japan’s Mizuho Financial, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial and SMBC Group are reportedly the top three lenders providing loans to the coal sector. They are followed by the UK’s Barclays and Wall Street’s Citigroup.
The research also finds nearly 5,000 institutional investors with combined holdings of over $1.2 trillion in the coal industry with the top 25 investors accounting for 46% of the total. US asset managers Blackrock and Vanguard are reportedly the largest institutional investors in coal.
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Xi and Putin agree on another gas pipeline www.mongoliaweekly.org

Just before the opening of the Winter Olympics in Beijing on February 4, Russian President Vladimir Putin became the first foreign leader to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping face-to-face in two years (Mongolian Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene met with Xi two days later).
Xi and Putin subsequently issued a joint statement through the Kremlin's press office. In the statement, China openly supported Russian opposition to the further enlargement of NATO and Moscow's other security demands in Europe, representing a new level of unity between the two countries.
At the same time, Russian gas giant Gazprom signed a 30-year contract with the state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) to supply gas to China through a new pipeline from the island of Sakhalin.
Once operational, the new line will increase Russian gas supply to China by 10 billion cubic metres per year (bcm/yr), to a total forecast of 48 bcm/yr. The total includes 38 bcm/yr supplied through the Power of Siberia line. According to Reuters, the sales of gas could generate $37.5 billion over 25 years.
“This is already a second contract to be signed for Russian gas supplies to China, and it is indicative of the exceptionally strong mutual trust and partnership between our countries and companies. Our Chinese partners from CNPC have already seen for themselves that Gazprom is a reliable gas supplier,” Gazprom chief Alexey Miller said in a statement.
In the same statement, Gazprom also noted the completion of the feasibility study for the Soyuz Vostok gas trunkline across Mongolia, an extension of the Power of Siberia 2 line that Gazprom says will 'make it possible to supply up to 50 bcm/yr of gas to China' – in effect doubling current exports.
The study, which relied on on-site surveys, mapping and route analysis conducted by Mongolian companies, outlines a plan for the pipeline to stretch 962.9 kilometres across Mongolia, including five compressor stations.
Russia's eastern pipelines, including the Power of Siberia, are not connected to Russia's pipeline distribution network to Europe – though a connection is possible, which would place CNPC in direct competition with European buyers for Russian gas, a situation which some believe has made Russian gas less attractive to the Chinese.
However, when seen in the context of Putin's meeting with Xi and increasing Chinese support for Russian foreign policy, this latest deal indicates that Beijing may have more tolerance for increasing its dependence on Russian energy. Russia currently supplies about five per cent of Chinese gas demand through both pipeline and LNG exports and is China's second-biggest oil supplier after Saudi Arabia.
If so, this could be good news for the Power of Siberia 2 trunkline across Mongolia, which would create a new source of income for the Mongolian government.
Yet Chinese investments in energy imports seem to occur irrespective of wider geopolitical tensions. In December, American company Venture Global announced that it had signed a 20-year deal with China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), the first of its kind.
Beneath all this lies China's relentless demand for gas: the country became the world's largest buyer of LNG in 2021. The growing market has seen companies such as Elixir Energy exploring potential natural gas deposits under Mongolia's Gobi desert for export to China.
Yet hard questions remain for Mongolia to answer. How much dependence on Russian energy is Beijing willing to tolerate, and is there an opportunity for Mongolian gas development?
And looking beyond energy: is Mongolia in the middle of increasing geopolitical alignment between Beijing and Moscow?
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Cooperatives in Mongolia Celebrated 100th Anniversary www.icaap.coop

The first cooperative in Mongolia was established 100 years ago, on 02 November 1921, by the decree of the Bogd Khan under the name “People’s Mutual Aid Cooperative” with 116 members. Shortly after the victory of the People's Revolution, the leaders of that time initiated and found this cooperative as there was a need and the newly formed government also supported the cooperatives. This movement, united by wealth, labor, and desire made a significant contribution to the employment of many people and increased social labor productivity at that time.
Today, a total of 4,468 cooperatives with 234,633 members, incorporating MNT 49.6 billion, are making a significant contribution to the socio-economic development in Mongolia.
To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the cooperative movement, the Mongolian National Cooperative Alliance (MNCA) and the National Association of Mongolian Agricultural Cooperatives (NAMAC), organized many events with the Ministry of Agriculture and Light Industry to promote the cooperatives’ contribution to the country’s development. One of the key highlights of this celebration was the adoption of the newly revised law on cooperatives by the Parliament of Mongolia. The significant changes in the law will strengthen the governance of the cooperatives, protect the property of the cooperatives, and clarify the state's participation in the development of the cooperatives. The cooperators believe that the adoption of this law will help to improve the legal environment for further development of the Mongolian cooperative movement.
The Prime Minister of Mongolia, L.Oyun-Erdene, in the 7th National Forum of Cooperatives, organized as part of the 100th-anniversary celebrations, congratulated the cooperatives and appreciated their role in the country's development. He announced that the Government of Mongolia has decided to launch the “New Cooperatives” Campaign in 2022 to enrich a new model for modern development.
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Kincora Copper provides positive exploration and corporate update for Mongolian portfolio www.juniorminingnetwork.com

MELBOURNE, Australia, Feb. 11, 2022 /CNW/ - Kincora Copper Limited (the Company, Kincora) (TSXV: KCC) (ASX: KCC) is pleased to provide an exploration and corporate update following 2021 field season activities in Mongolia and an extension of the corporate agreement with Resilience Mining Mongolia Limited (Resilience) covering the Mongolian asset portfolio.
Sam Spring, President & CEO, commented:
"Kincora has continued to responsibly and systematically advance and add value to our prospective project pipeline in Mongolia's Southern Gobi, with promising results, as we work with and pursue the corporate agreement with Resilience. The agreement with Resilience provides attractive upside to Kincora shareholders and will streamline focus to our Macquarie Arc porphyry portfolio in Australia.
Last year's field activities have identified a new significant scale series of porphyry targets at Shuteen North, and separately advanced our understanding of the mineralised controls and size of the system at the more advanced West Fox target. These results further highlight the potential of our existing Mongolian project portfolio and logic of having a motivated and focused group like Resilience drive these assets forward to the next stage.
The Company has granted Resilience an extension to IPO on the ASX with a A$7.5 million to A$10 million offering, a new lead manager, reimbursement of certain Mongolian expenditures, and the definition of a maiden resource for the Bronze Fox project1.
The targets, team and foundations are in place for Resilience to add significant value this field season."
An accompanying detailed Mongolia focused exploration and corporate update presentation, with further details and figures to this release, is available at www.kincoracopper.com
Figure 1: A strategic and district scale position in Mongolia's world-class Southern Gobi porphyry belt
On China's doorstep, trucking distance to the world's largest copper consumer
Figure 2: Field season results generate and refine multiple targets
Three large and underexplored porphyry complexes on two adjacent Kincora licenses, which are covered by the corporate agreement with Resilience. Resilience is undertaking a maiden JORC &/or 43-101 resource for the Bronze Fox project at the existing Block Modelled area that supports the defined Exploration Target 1
Resilience agreement update
On June 30th, 2021, Kincora executed a definitive acquisition and joint-venture agreement with Resilience for Kincora's Mongolian asset portfolio.
This agreement was extended with completion proposed January 31st, 2022, with a further extension now being provided subject to:
Resilience having appointed a new lead manager for the proposed ASX listing (by 28 February, 2022);
Refunding Kincora a minimum of 50% of its Mongolian Maintenance Payments upon receipt of further pre-IPO funding;
Converting (at Resilience's expense) the Exploration Target to a JORC and/or NI 43-101 resource for the Bronze Fox project ahead of IPO 1,2 ; and,
Resilience raising A$7.5 million to A$10 million in new equity alongside IPO on the ASX (by 30 April 2022).
1 Resilience to convert (at Resilience's expense) the existing exploration target2 for Bronze Fox to a JORC &/or NI 43-101 resource prior to IPO on the ASX.
2 "76 holes for 24,129m supports an exploration target of 416-428Mt at 0.26-0.30% Cu for up to 2,437 Mlb copper & 0.84 Moz gold or 1.3-1.5Mt CuEq.
This estimate of the Exploration Target is conceptual in nature and there is currently insufficient exploration to define a mineral resource. It is uncertain if further exploration will result in the target being delineated as a mineral resource. Since, some 24,000 m of drill core at the Bronze Fox Intrusive Complex has been reviewed and relogged by Kincora, adding to 8,000 m previously relogged.
This exercise addressed an issue with geological data quality that prevented reporting of a Mineral Resource in accordance with JORC and NI43-101 guidelines. A conceptual study undertaken at the same time as the Exploration Target explored the potential for a small, near surface oxide SX-EW project at Bronze Fox."
Sourced from the Mining Associates Technical Export Report Feb 25, 2021. Please refer to this report for further details.
This announcement has been authorised for release by the Board of Kincora Copper Limited (ARBN 645 457 763)
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Critical Reading of Advertisements in Mongolia www.cambridge.org

The new constitution of Mongolia was adopted on January 13, 1992. It stated that respecting and upholding human rights, freedom, and justice are crucial in Mongolia.
Mongolia has transformed into a vibrant democracy since 1990. Over the past 30 years, a free market economic system has become well established and thousands of commercials have been produced to attract and retain consumers. Advertisement law of Mongolia was passed in 2002. In the statement of law Article 7 – “Illegal advertisement”, the following advertisements shall be considered as an illegal advertisement: “7.4.5. Used the phrase, comparison or description that assaulted nationality, language, race, social origin, social status, age, sex, profession, education, religion or opinions.”
In the current research database and library of Mongolian Universities written in the Mongolian language, there is no empirical study regarding how consumers comprehend content, visual expression, phases of commercials that abused human rights, including discrimination. Article 14.2 in the new constitution of Mongolian affirmed that “No person shall be discriminated against based on ethnic origin, language, race, age, sex, religion, opinion, and education.
Therefore, in this study the following two objectives were set:
How an advertisement audience receives the content and description that discriminated against human beings.
Evaluate Mongolian students’ knowledge and sense of discrimination.
We undertook random sampling with University students. Participants were exposed to three advertisements.
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Figure 1
The first print advertisement was about racial discrimination. Several famous media companies published articles which considered this Dove print advertisement as racial discrimination. This advertisement for using Dove body wash was criticised for implying that ‘dirty’ black women could be ‘cleaned’ into a white woman.
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Figure 2
The second one was about body shape differences. The real beauty campaign rolls out seven different shapes of Dove-branded plastic body-wash bottles. Advertisement agents imply the idea that different shapes of bottles could represent different body shapes of women. But for some, this symbolic expression is offensive and they cannot aesthetically represent the beauty of a woman.
Figure 3
The third imagery of print advertisement was about discrimination on religion and culture. In different religions and cultures, people are sensitive to religious and cultural expressions. Specifically, Saudi Arabia Muslims regard the modifications of religious and cultural symbols as a form of disrespect and prejudice. The majority of Arabians viewed Starbucks’ new logo as racist and discriminatory based on religious differences. The reason is not all Arabians are strictly ruled by religious dress codes. Moreover, when a company thinks about Arabian women, they annotated (compared) Arabian women in Burqa as a kind of negative stereotyping.
Mongolians have a long history and unique culture. Therefore, most Mongolian people perceive discrimination on human body shape, mimicking on religious or cultural difference and racy expression as offensive and hurting someone’s feeling. As a result, the three advertisements mentioned above were chosen for this study.
The purpose was to determine whether the participants perceive the above advertisements as discriminatory or not. A total of 316 questionnaires were collected. Focus group discussions were then conducted to examine the further issues obtained from the results of quantitative analysis.
Seven questions were about general demographic questions, the remaining nine questions were about the correspondent’s knowledge of human rights abuse and discrimination. Some examples of the questions were: In which grade you are studying? household income, gender, residential location, etc were asked. Following up general demographic questions, questions designed to clarify explicit and implicit knowledge of participant’s human rights abuse. For example: do you think this print advertisement implies racial discrimination? Do you think this print advertisement discriminates against people based on their body shape? Do you think this print advertisement discriminates against people based on their religious and cultural differences? 85 (26.9%) were collected from fresher students, 69 (21.8%) were collected from sophomore students, 32 (10.1%) were collected from junior students, 45 (14.2%) were collected from senior students, and 85 (26.9%) were collected from graduate students. Of the total sample, 69.9% were female and 30.1% were male. In terms of household income, most of them 35.4 percent were 300-600$. 261 (82.6%) were collected from Ulaanbaatar city, 55 (17.4%) were collected from rural areas. According to the survey, 95.3 percent of the respondents use social media channels.
In cumulative percentage, 54% of the respondents recognised the discrimination.
The results of the current study show that students are aware of discrimination in advertisements, regardless of gender, location, type of residence, marital status, or source of information. However, our finding was that there are differences in perceptions and knowledge of human rights abuses depending on income level (55% recognised discrimination) and education level (60% recognised discrimination).
The evidence of our empirical study appears to show that critical reading of advertisements were varied depending on income level. In particular, the results of our quantitative research have proven that low-income participants (73% of total respondents) have a low level of awareness, sensitivity, and knowledge about human rights abuse.
Surprisingly, perhaps, graduate students were less able to recognise discrimination. They were less critical of Figure 1 and 3 than of Figure 2. This may be down to the nature of the discrimination or to other factors. We aim to study this further. Our study has revealed a level of uncritical reading of advertisements amongst the students we surveyed. We propose first that Mongolian businesses be educated on human rights in commercial contexts, including discriminatory advertisements and second, that younger people as they become consumers must be educated in engaging with advertisements critically and ethically.
Please see the original article on the link https://www.cambridge.org/.../critical-reading-of.../
BY: Enkhbold Chuluunbaatar is a multidisciplinary PhD who is interested in marketing and management, service design, industry investigation, entrepreneurship, strategic management. He received his PhD degree from National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan and specialized in creative industries investigation. Currently, he is working as a senior lecturer at the National University of Mongolia.
Urandelger Gantulga received her Master and Ph.D degree from Chonbuk National University, in South Korea in 2013 and 2017 respectively. She is currently working as a senior lecturer at the National University of Mongolia. Her main areas of research interests are service marketing, business to business marketing, consumer behavior and e-commerce.
Erdenedalai Batulzii received her political science Master and Ph.D degree in National University of Mongolia, in 2010 and 2015. Currently, she is working as a senior lecturer at the National University of Mongolia. Her main research interests are democracy, political party, election, voter’s behavior, human right and political research methods.
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