A number of cooperation deals involving investments of 158.3 billion yuan ($24.6 billion) were sealed at the Fifth Silk Road International Exposition in China, Xinhua News Agency reported.

The agreements cover 72 key projects in sectors including education, modern agriculture, and high-tech industry. Foreign investment projects worth $7.7 billion have been also signed at the expo, according to the report.

The five-day expo in Xi’an, the capital of northwest China’s Shaanxi Province, attracted more than 1,900 envoys and guests from 98 countries and regions such as Slovakia, Belgium, the Republic of Korea, Tajikistan, and Zambia.

The ambitious multi-trillion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative (also known as the ‘New Silk Road’), announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013, aims to boost connectivity and cooperation between East Asia, Europe, and East Africa. It is expected to significantly boost global trade, cutting trading costs in half for the countries involved.

According to official data, the total trade turnover between China and the Belt and Road nations amounted to $9.2 trillion from 2013 to 2020, while combined investment by Chinese enterprises in those countries reached $136 billion.

The world’s largest crypto, bitcoin, went into freefall on Sunday, after billionaire Elon Musk fueled speculation in a Twitter exchange that his company, Tesla, may consider selling or has sold its holdings in the cryptocurrency.

“Bitcoiners are going to slap themselves next quarter when they find out Tesla dumped the rest of their #Bitcoin holdings,” a user named CryptoWhale said in a tweet on Sunday. “With the amount of hate @elonmusk is getting, I wouldn’t blame him,” he added.

Musk simply responded with a single word: “Indeed.”

The price of bitcoin sank almost 8.5% afterwards to as low as $42,441 a coin on Monday. That was the biggest slump in more than three months, and one of bitcoin’s biggest drops in value since the price first began to soar in January.

Last week, Musk hit the top crypto with an unexpected announcement that Tesla was suspending purchases of its vehicles using bitcoin, due to environmental concerns. The billionaire cited issues with the increasing use of fossil fuels in mining bitcoin, particularly coal, as it takes massive amounts of electricity to create a single token. He added that Tesla had no plans to sell any more of its bitcoin, but confirmed that the company is looking at other cryptocurrencies that are much less reliant on energy.

Just three months ago, Musk, a big supporter of cryptocurrencies, revealed that Tesla had invested $1.5 billion in bitcoin. In March, he announced that the automaker would accept the cryptocurrency as payment for Tesla’s pricey electric vehicles.

The announcements sent bitcoin prices soaring at the time.

I'm writing this article from the front room of my house. Later I'll probably take my laptop to a café for a change of scenery; next week I might even take it on a road trip.

Like many in this Covid world, I work from home – which in effect makes me a 'digital nomad', someone who only needs an internet connection (and often a mobile phone) to do their job. This type of work has become much more common: according to the Economist, Americans now spend 60 percent of their working hours at home compared to just 5 percent before the pandemic.

Not all digital jobs are equal, of course. Many employers still require staff to physically be in an office for a set number of days per week and there are open questions about whether this flexibility will remain post-pandemic. Nonetheless, many roles have undoubtedly become more flexible and will likely remain so for the foreseeable future.

This is opening up opportunities for countries to attract digital workers looking for new lifestyles.

Newspapers in Nepal, for instance, have spoken with people working in Kathmandu for jobs based in Myanmar; and reporters in Florence, Italy have covered the rise of remote workers settling there.

Countries are clueing into this trend and are competing to attract workers who can bring their jobs with them. Italy has tax breaks of up to 90 percent for five years for workers settling in certain regions; Spain offers a self-employment visa; Estonia has 'e-residents' who can run an Estonian business without ever actually going there; Croatia and Dubai offer digital nomad visas; Norway even offers a lifetime visa to any remote worker willing to live on the island of Svalbard in the Arctic Circle.

Like many of these countries, Mongolia has a lot to offer. It has the lowest population density of any independent country and a globally unique nomadic culture; it has a wide variety of breath-taking landscapes ranging from mountain lakes to one of the last mostly-intact steppe ecosystems on Earth.

In addition, the speed of Mongolia's vaccine rollout is leading the world, meaning the country could be one of the few that people feel safe travelling to this summer. For example, if it can reach the vaccination rate of Israel, it could be added to Britain's new 'green' list, which currently only includes 12 destinations.

And Ulaanbaatar is in a convenient time zone for Asia-based digital work with direct flights to Seoul, Tokyo, Beijing, Istanbul, Frankfurt and more.

But there are also obstacles. Covid-19 is the most acute; it isn't safe for the Mongolian border to open until the current outbreak is under control and the population is fully vaccinated.

There are also more chronic issues that the Mongolian government will need to address if it wants to attract digital workers. The most visible is the winter air pollution in UB, which often features international reporting on Mongolia. Any efforts to attract digital workers will likely fall flat until the air in UB is clearer year-round.

Another chronic issue is the power grid. In 2016, residents of UB suffered roughly 3,200 minutes without power spread over an average of 12 blackouts. These interruptions are problematic for a digital economy. As we've said before on Mongolia Weekly, fixing the grid will take substantial political capital but is necessary for unlocking new economic sectors, such as renewable energy and remote work.

Mongolia also has relatively low internet speeds, which as of March this year ranked 112th globally for mobiles and 85th for fixed broadband. Speeding this up is certainly a secondary problem to the pollution and energy reliability issues, but nonetheless is worth considering.

There is also the point that digital workers may be unlikely to stay year-round in Mongolia anyway given the extreme winter cold. If so, perhaps Mongolia could market itself as a summer destination: a savvy marketing campaign would need to be reinforced by measures such as negotiating visa-free travel with target countries, cutting the cost of acquiring a Mongolian visa, extending the length of visas or introducing a new visa category for digital workers. There is encouraging news by authorities towards online immigration services for expats.

Ultimately, the government may need to think of creative ways to rejuvenate Mongolia's tourism economy after the pandemic ends. Many Mongolian tourism operators are in a state of limbo; staff is taking on other work to pay the bills while waiting for the pandemic to end.

Any creative effort to encourage foreign tourists back once it is safe to do so, including those who can bring their jobs with them, would ultimately benefit Mongolians and the economy.

by: Ewen Levick

The Government of Mongolia has lifted the strict lockdown measures under the Red Level of emergency regime, which was imposed between April 10 and May 8, and the country has transferred to the Orange level emergency regime since May 8. Essential businesses and organizations of a total of 18 categories have remained fully or partially restricted under the Orange Level with a view to curb the spread of COVID-19 community infections.

Beginning from May 15, Saturday, four types of businesses and organizations that had been closed were additionally allowed to reopen in line with the decision of the State Emergency Commission. These are:

- Coffee shops with /at half capacity/,

- All types of training centers /limited to a maximum of 10 people/

- Fitness centers, gyms /at half capacity/,

- Swimming pools /at half capacity/.

The businesses reopening must choose to serve customers who received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccines at least 14 days earlier or those who had already recovered from COVID-19. The proof of vaccination is available on E-Mongolia, the government’s digital service platform.

In addition, inter-city movement is expected to become open to all fully vaccinated passengers from May 22 and travelers will no longer be subject to show approval from emergency commissions of rural aimags of destination.

At today's meeting of the managerial staff of Ulaanbaatar city administration, it was also decided to ensure preparations to reopen non-food retail sections of some busiest indoor and outdoor markets and shopping centers in Ulaanbaatar, such as Narantuul, Kharkhorin, New Sunday, Sunday Plaza, Night Market, Dunjingarav and Bumbugur on May 22.

On May 14, Friday, Prime Minister L.Oyun-Erdene worked at the state-owned enterprise - Erdenet Mining Corporation (EMC) during his working trip to Orkhon aimag.

In the past two years, the Erdenet Mining Corporation has paid a total of MNT 1.9 trillion to both state and local budgets. Operating at the copper and molybdenum deposits in Erdenet since 1978, the Erdenet Mining Corporation has gradually increased its ore exploration capacity to 37 million tons and ore output to 32 million per annum.

During the PM’s visit to the mining factory, EMC General Director Kh.Badamsuren introduced about the technological reforms and current situation of the ore mining and processing. “Despite the lockdown measures and challenging times posed by the pandemic, the mining corporation had been yielding great achievements and exceeding its targets” highlighted the General Director. “In particular,

• output performance targets have been fulfilled with the help of technological improvements at the factories,

• 36.9 tons of ore were explored with total ore output amounting to 32.5 tons in 2020,

• 2020 sales revenue target set at MNT 2.2 trillion was exceeded by 16 percent,

• MNT 1.5 trillion were paid for state revenues in 2020 alone.”

“In addition, the 2021 production surpassed its targets by 100-143 percent by the first quarter of this year, which resulted in 38-percent of growth in sales revenues and 2.5-times of increase in net profit target. By the first three months of 2021, MNT 149 billion has been paid to local and state budgets, and the number is on the rise to MNT 266 billion as of current. Between 2017 and 2020, geological explorations with total cost of USD 29.4 million were performed by the corporation, extending the mine life by approximately by 30 years and making it possible to operate for another up to 70 years.”

Prime Minister L.Oyun-Erdene expressed gratitude on behalf of the government to the Erdenet Mining Corporation for its contribution to the Mongolian economy. The PM emphasized that the company has developed feasibility studies over the past two years to prove that it holds the capacity to take up the baton for one-tenth of the country’s MNT 10 trillion general budget and its operations can span another 60-70 years.

After noting that the government of Mongolia, on March 6, 2019, announced an emergency regime at the Erdenet Mining Corporation and Mongolrostsvetmet LLC to ensure that no operational interruptions occur and the government announced, on March 21, 2019, that the Erdenet Mining Corporation became fully state-owned enterprise, Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene said that the agenda of his visit to the Erdenet Mining Corporation is to present the government resolution which approves new developments at the mine.

According to PM, the aforementioned government decision was made on the basis of the current possibilities and economic resources of the EMC and the corporation has managed to save MNT 65.8 billion in 2019 and MNT 88 billion in 2020 only from its procurement activities throughout the period of emergency regime since 2019. “After becoming a state-owned company, the EMC for the first time become free from domestic and external debts for the first time in ten years.”

During the visit, the Prime Minister has become acquainted with the project proposal on the Industrial and Technological Park at the Erdenet Mine Corporation, consisting of ore dissolution project, molybdenum ore processing plant, copper smelting and concentrate and green growth center. The project aims to produce value added end products and increase the corporation’s daily sales revenue to MNT 28 billion by 2028.

Total investment funding of MNT 1.8 trillion is required for the Industrial and Technological Park development. The Erdenet Mining Corporation has delivered a proposal, feasibility study and design for the copper smelting and concentrate project to the Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry for approval. The copper concentrate will have with annual capacity of 125,000 tons of cathode copper.

After hearing the presentation, the Prime Minister handed over the copy of the government resolution on the establishment of Copper Smelting-Metallurgical Plant and a certificate approving to establish the Industrial and Technological Park.

May 17 (Xinhua) -- Mongolia reported 533 new local cases of COVID-19 in the last 24 hours, bringing its national tally to 49,175, the country's health ministry said Monday.

Meanwhile, seven more fatalities and 1,065 more recoveries were reported, bringing the death toll to 226 and the total number of recoveries to 41,844, the ministry said in a statement.

The Asian country launched a mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign in late February, aiming to cover at least 60 percent of its population of 3.3 million.

So far, more than 1,778,600 Mongolians have received their first dose and over 643,600 have got both jabs

The Mainstreaming Social Accountability for Improved Transparency and Participation in Mongolia or MASAM II project, has started in Mongolia. The main goal of the project is to mainstream social accountability across Mongolia, contributing to better service delivery and investments through effective use of public funds in health sector. The new phase of the project will aim to strengthen both civil society and public sector agencies’ capacities to generate information/data as well as to monitor the policy-making and implementation processes, with an emphasis on the links between, first, policy planning and implementation, including front-line health service delivery and, second, budget planning and execution including public investments.

The project, which will run from 2020 to 2023, is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the Global Partnership for Social Responsibility (GPSA) and implemented by the World Bank in Mongolia. In addition to our Globe International Center, the project will be implemented by World Vision Mongolia and Save the Children Japan in Mongolia.

Not only citizens of 21 provinces and 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar, national and local civil society organizations, technology leading outlets, but also central and local government, public service providers, and media and research organizations will benefit from the project.

Globe International Center will lead the project’s implementation in Khuvsgul, Arkhangai, Tuv, Darkhan-Uul, Selenge, Orkhon and Bulgan provinces, as well as Songinokhairkhan, Baganuur and Nalaikh districts of Ulaanbaatar city.

Social accountability is the extent and capability of citizens to hold the state “accountable” and make it “responsive” to their needs. Basically, this means the ability of citizens to engage with public institutions - or the private sector- and to participate in the decision making processes that affect their lives in order to achieve better outcomes.

Source: Globe International Center

In the first four months of 2021, Mongolia traded with 129 countries from all over the world, and the total trade turnover reached USD 4.5 billion, of which USD 2.5 billion were exports and USD 2.0 billion were imports. The total foreign trade turnover increased by USD 1.5 billion (50.6%), where exports increased by USD 1.1 billion (81.8%) and imports increased by USD 374.9 million (23.6%) compared to the same period of previous year. In April 2021, exports reached USD 496.3 million, decreased by USD 169.6 million (25.5%) and imports reached USD 437.5 million, decreased by USD 163.9 million (27.2%) compared to the previous month.

The foreign trade balance was in surplus of USD 535.4 million in the first four months of 2021, compared with deficit of USD 212.7 million in the first 4 months of 2020. Trade with China reached USD 3.1 billion in the first 4 months of 2021, which is 68.7% of the total trade turnover.

Bituminous coal and copper concentrates accounted for 30.5% and 33.5% of total exports to China, respectively, and bituminous coal accounted for 95.0% of total export to Singapore, while gold accounted for 85.6% of total export to Republic of Korea.

In the first four months of 2021, USD 1.1 billion increase in exports from the previous year was resulted from USD 147.6 million increase in Iron ores and concentrates, USD 287.7 million increase in copper concentrates exports and USD 430.2 million increase in coal exports. In April 2021, USD 169.6 million decrease in exports was mainly due to coal exports volume reached 710.6 thousand tons and decreased by 1.5 million tons from 2.2 million tons in March 2021.

In the first four months of 2021, 38.3% of the total imports were from China, 27.5% -- from Russia, 7.1% -- from Japan, 4.1% -- from Republic of Korea and 3.4% -- from USA, which are accounting for 80.5% of the total imports. In the first 4 months of 2021, 51.3% of the total imports from Russia -- petroleum products, 67.2% of the total imports from Japan -- cars, and 5.8% of the total imports from China -- electricity, 16.5% -- trucks and 77.7% -- imports of other products. The USD 374.9 million increase in imports from the previous year was mainly due to USD 42.1 million increase in wheat, USD 97.6 million increase in trucks, USD 30.3 million increase in diesel and USD 19.1 million increase in cars.

Exports of mineral products, food products, and vegetable origin products made up 91.7 percent of the total export. On the other hand, 65.7 percent of the total imports were mineral products, machinery, equipment, electric appliances, transport vehicle and its spare parts and food products.

Source: National Statistics Office

May 16 (Xinhua) -- The COVID-19 cases in Mongolia increased by 541 over the past 24 hours to 48,642, with the death toll rising by two to 219, the country's health ministry said Sunday.

Meanwhile, 1,306 more recoveries were reported, bringing the nationwide count to 40,900, it said.

The Asian country launched a mass COVID-19 vaccination campaign in late February, aiming to cover at least 60 percent of its 3.3-million population.

More than 1,770,500 Mongolians have so far received their first dose, and over 641,000 have got both jabs. Enditem

Mongolia vaccinated 10,308 against COVID-19 for the past day.

The total nmber of people vaccinated against coronavirus infection reached 2,411,556.

1,770,527 received the first dose. 641,029 were administerd the second dose.

920,043 people in Ulaanbaatar received the first dose and 487,900 received the second dose.

850,484 were administered the first dose in aimags and 153,129 received the second dose.