The latest gap up for metallurgical coal came after a research report showing levels of "panic buying" not seen since 2011, when floods in key export region in Queensland sent the price soaring to $335 a tonne (albeit not for long).

The rally was triggered by Beijing’s decision to limit coal mines' operating days to 276 or fewer a year from 330 before as it seeks to restructure the industry. Safety closures and weather related supply curbs in China and Australia only added fuel to the fire.

Australian Financial Review quotes analysts from Macquarie warning that speculation as much as fundamental factors are driving the price with a mere half-a-million tonnes (out of a seaborne trade of 200 million tonnes a year) responsible for the most recent surge:

"Transactions on the trading platform globalCOAL over the past month, which feed into spot price assessments from various index providers, have totalled just 510,000 tonnes in volume."
The bank does say "current physical market conditions are very tight and there is a sense of panic amongst buyers," which "looks like it could hold for a few more weeks," but expects prices will slide in the fourth quarter.

On top of that most producers, with the exception of BHP Billiton which set up globalCOAL a few years back, do not receive the spot price but the ruling quarterly contract price which is still in double digits.

That will change soon. In a report The Steel Index, a market information provider, notes speculation that the upcoming quarterly contract negotiations for the October – December 2016 period "may be rather combative."

According to market participants, Japanese steelmakers will undoubtedly face levels “at least above US$120/t” in the final quarter of 2016.

Accounts for UK Export Finance (UKEF), which lends money to companies planning to buy products from British exporters, show that it gave £82.8m in “buyer’s credit” to Lebedinsky GOK, which mines iron ore, a key element in steel production.

Lebedinsky is part of metals and mining company Metalloinvest, which is owned by the Uzbek-born tycoon Alisher Usmanov, who has a stake in Arsenal.

UKEF’s support for Lebedinsky helped finance a contract with Midrex UK, a subsidiary of US company Midrex Technologies, which is owned by Japan’s Kobe Steel.

Midrex Technologies says it set up a UK office to take advantage of the taxpayer-backed UKEF scheme. The company’s website says Midrex UK was “specifically established in the heart of one of the world’s financial hubs to provide our customers with access to valuable project financing”.

Gareth Stace, the director of UK Steel, said: “The UK steel sector has been in the deepest crisis for more than a generation in the past 12 months for two key reasons: higher costs resulting from punitive government policy and the massive rise in dumping of steel from countries such as Russia.

“Learning that government money is being pumped directly into the Russian steel sector beggars belief and actively goes against everything we have been calling on the UK government to do, to ensure that the UK steel sector can compete on a fair and level playing field.”

According to court documents filed in London, the company set unlawfully high fees to stores when shoppers swipe their debit or credit cards, and it has been doing that for 16 years between 1992 and 2008.

The case was brought by UK’s former chief financial services ombudsman Walter Merricks who said "MasterCard charged billions of pounds of unlawfully high fees for its sole benefit and to the detriment of consumers." He is backed by law firm Quinn Emanuel, under the new Consumer Rights Act.

According to the law firm, the world’s second-largest credit and debit card provider MasterCard has spurned a chance to settle with the European Commission, choosing to fight its case through the courts.

After a 10-year legal battle between MasterCard and the commission, the European Court of Justice ruled in 2014 that the credit card firm’s fees for cross-border transactions were too high.

“MasterCard lost this battle at every level and showed complete disregard for its cardholders and consumers at large, focusing instead on generating unlawful profits,” Quinn Emanuel said in a statement.

MasterCard has denied any wrongdoing, saying it continues to firmly disagree with the basis of the claim and intends to oppose it vigorously.

"We deliver real value through the benefits of security, convenience and consumer protection, and we are committed to investing in our payment services in order to continue to meet the rapidly evolving needs of all our customers," said MasterCard.