1 MONGOLIA MARKS CENTENNIAL WITH A NEW COURSE FOR CHANGE WWW.EASTASIAFORUM.ORG PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      2 E-MART OPENS FIFTH STORE IN ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA, TARGETING K-FOOD CRAZE WWW.BIZ.CHOSUN.COM PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      3 JAPAN AND MONGOLIA FORGE HISTORIC DEFENSE PACT UNDER THIRD NEIGHBOR STRATEGY WWW.ARMYRECOGNITION.COM  PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      4 CENTRAL BANK LOWERS ECONOMIC GROWTH FORECAST TO 5.2% WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      5 L. OYUN-ERDENE: EVERY CITIZEN WILL RECEIVE 350,000 MNT IN DIVIDENDS WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      6 THE BILL TO ELIMINATE THE QUOTA FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN MONGOLIA HAS BEEN SUBMITTED WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      7 THE SECOND NATIONAL ONCOLOGY CENTER TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN ULAANBAATAR WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      8 GREEN BOND ISSUED FOR WASTE RECYCLING WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      9 BAGANUUR 50 MW BATTERY STORAGE POWER STATION SUPPLIES ENERGY TO CENTRAL SYSTEM WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      10 THE PENSION AMOUNT INCREASED BY SIX PERCENT WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      КОКС ХИМИЙН ҮЙЛДВЭРИЙН БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫГ ИРЭХ ОНЫ ХОЁРДУГААР УЛИРАЛД ЭХЛҮҮЛНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     "ЭРДЭНЭС ТАВАНТОЛГОЙ” ХК-ИЙН ХУВЬЦАА ЭЗЭМШИГЧ ИРГЭН БҮРД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГ ӨНӨӨДӨР ОЛГОНО WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГИЙН ОРЛОГО 2040 ОНД 38 ИХ НАЯДАД ХҮРЭХ ТӨСӨӨЛӨЛ ГАРСАН WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ЭРДЭНЭС ОЮУ ТОЛГОЙ” ХХК-ИАС ХЭРЛЭН ТООНО ТӨСЛИЙГ ӨМНӨГОВЬ АЙМАГТ ТАНИЛЦУУЛЛАА WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     Л.ОЮУН-ЭРДЭНЭ: ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГААС НЭГ ИРГЭНД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГИЙН ХАДГАЛАМЖ ҮҮСЛЭЭ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ENTRÉE RESOURCES” 2 ЖИЛ ГАРУЙ ҮРГЭЛЖИЛСЭН АРБИТРЫН МАРГААНД ЯЛАЛТ БАЙГУУЛАВ WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ORANO MINING”-ИЙН ГЭРЭЭ БОЛОН ГАШУУНСУХАЙТ-ГАНЦМОД БООМТЫН ТӨСЛИЙН АСУУДЛААР ЗАСГИЙН ГАЗАР ХУРАЛДАЖ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     АЖИЛЧДЫН САРЫН ГОЛЧ ЦАЛИН III УЛИРЛЫН БАЙДЛААР ₮2 САЯ ОРЧИМ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     PROGRESSIVE EQUITY RESEARCH: 2025 ОН “PETRO MATAD” КОМПАНИД ЭЭЛТЭЙ БАЙХААР БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     2026 ОНЫГ ДУУСТАЛ ГАДААД АЖИЛТНЫ ТОО, ХУВЬ ХЭМЖЭЭГ ХЯЗГААРЛАХГҮЙ БАЙХ ХУУЛИЙН ТӨСӨЛ ӨРГӨН МЭДҮҮЛЭВ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19    

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Events

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MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

NEWS

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Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi submits bond issuance request to Mongolian Stock Exchange www.montsame.mn

On March 5, 2021, “Erdenes Tavantolgoi” JSC submitted a request to Mongolian Stock Exchange to issue the highest amount of up to 2 trillion MNT /as well as USD/ bonds in the financial market for the implementation of major projects such as construction of strategically important railways, coal processing and thermal power plants.
The event was attended by Ashidmunkh.S, Head of securities and finance department of “Erdenes Tavantolgoi” JSC, leading underwriter Dayanbilguun.D Executive director of “BDSEC” JSC, underwriter Gantulga.S, Director of “MICC” JSC, and Altai.Kh, Executive director of Mongolian Stock Exchange.
The request will be reviewed by the Mongolian Stock Exchange and the Financial Regulatory Commission, and trading orders will begin once the relevant approval is issued.
By starting bond trading and investing in planned developments, the company planned to mine 186.1 million tons of coal, sell 172.6 million tons of coal, have a total revenue of 10,742.4 million USD, a net profit of 3,664.4 million USD, and contribute 2,479.9 million USD to the state budget in 2021-2025.
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Baby camel wool versus goat cashmere: Which is really better? www.montsame.mn

Article by PhD Ts. Enkh-Amgalan, Green Gold and Animal Health project manager
Asking the right question is as important as providing the right answer. The question I was originally going to raise was, can baby camel wool be a substitute for cashmere? If the answer is yes, then maybe the next question should be, can we develop baby camel wool products that would attract international buyers? Today, it is becoming more difficult to sell garments with “acceptable” quality and ”boring” designs, especially if the price is high. Furthermore, as environmental issues are consistently identified as the main development challenge of our time, world leaders have brought these issues to the center of the global development agenda. Feeling the immediate need for solutions to these issues, consumers all over the world have started to attempt to make culpable purchases, thereby investing in environmentally friendly production.
Mongolia, with over 65 million head of livestock freely grazing on natural rangelands, has much to offer to the world’s consumers when it comes to eco-friendly products of animal origin. Besides goat cashmere, Mongolia has the potential to offer other high quality natural fibres to the market, such as camel wool, yak down, and sheep wool.
As part of its goal to support eco-friendly production, thereby ensuring sustainable rangeland management and increasing the income of herder families, the Green Gold Project of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation in Mongolia has been working to improve the value of yak down and camel wool over the last decade. Having seen the potential to attract consumers in the international market, the project started an initiative to develop products from baby camel wool. Compared to goat cashmere, the content of coarse hair in de-haired (processed) baby camel wool and yak down used to be 4-6%, while in goat cashmere it is 0.2%-0.3% or 20 times lower. One reason for this is that goat cashmere is collected by combing, while camel and yak wool was typically collected by shearing. In order to reduce coarse hair content, since 2014, Green Gold Project has been testing baby camel wool combing in Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Umnugobi, Dundgobi, Dornogobi, Zavkhan and Uvs provinces. During these tests, it was realized that when combed, the collected fibre’s diameter is 15.4-16.1 microns and the average length is 38.5-42 mm, which makes it equal to goat cashmere in terms of quality. The project continues working with herder families in the Gobi region to deliver this exotic fibre of the best quality to appeal to international buyers.
Cashmere, well known as the most luxurious and best quality of luxury fibre, has been the main source of cash income among herders for decades. As the public is now aware that baby camel wool can be as fine as cashmere, there is hope among herders that the value of baby camel wool will increase.
Getting rid of old habits leads to new opportunities
Until recently, herders have prepared camel wool by shearing their camels. Identifying this old habit as the main reason behind the quality issue, the Green Gold Project has decided to introduce combing as a new method for camel wool preparation. In collaboration with researchers and herders, the project first tested this initiative in 2014. The test results proved that combed camel wool has much higher yields of quality fibre and lower hair content.
Camel wool consists of three different fibres: down, coarse hair, and dead hair. The coarse hair from a camel is 1.8-2 times longer than the down fibre. In this new technique, the coarse hair is sheared first. After that, the down fibre is combed from the rest of the wool. This technique helps to considerably reduce the hair content in camel wool. While hair content makes up 0.3% in combed cashmere, it makes up 3% in sheared camel wool. However, this number can be reduced to 1% if camel wool is prepared by combing.
In 2020, around 15 tons of combed baby camel wool is prepared by PUG cooperatives at the national level. The combed wool was supplied to domestic processors and, as a result, soft and luxurious products were made that could compete, from a quality perspective, with cashmere products.
We talked to Ts. Shirnen, one of the best camel herders in the nation, regarding how herders have adopted the new technique of combing baby camel wool. Ts. Shirnen, who is known for having the largest number of camels in Bayankhongor Province, said:
“As I have herded camels for years, I have always been eager to improve the quality of camel wool. Therefore, I have taken some measures to improve the quality of my breed. There are three top camel breed on my farm, such as the “brown” camels from Khanyn Khets, “red” camels from Galba Gobi, and “double-maned” camels from Tukhum Tungalag. We also have another breed of camel, the origin of which is not yet defined. The reason for putting more focus on the breeds is to bring the quality of camel wool up to the quality of cashmere. Because baby camel wool can be as fine as cashmere, herders have started preparing camel wool more responsibly. My family combs around 200 baby camels every year. The yield from each baby camel is approximately 1.5 kilos. We have used this approach for camel wool preparation for two years. Combing baby camels can actually be much more difficult compared to combing goats. Considering the level of work involved in combing baby camels, we hope that the value of camel wool will increase. In the future, if good quality fibre (of cashmere quality) is collected not only from baby camels, but also from adult camels, herders would slaughter less camels for their meat.”
Branding a one-year-old baby camel
According to a project study conducted in 2014, one-year-old baby camel wool can be as fine as cashmere. According to the results of this study, the diameter of fibre from one-year-old baby camels was 16.3 microns and fibre from two-year-old baby camels is between 17-18 microns. This shows that wool from one-year-old baby camels can be competitive with cashmere, the diameter of which is around 16.5 microns.
In order to introduce camel wool as a substitute for cashmere, thereby increasing the value of camel wool, the project is encouraging herders to comb one-year-old baby camels. Regarding the demand from domestic processors for baby camel wool, V. Bolormaa, a textile specialist at the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry, said:
“If only one-year-old baby camels are combed, 50-60 tons could be prepared at the national level. Of course, this is not a huge number when compared to cashmere, which is around 8,000 tons annually at the national level. This shows the rarity of this unique fibre from baby camels. Therefore, this exotic fibre should be utilised for making only expensive and luxurious products. It is crucial to prepare raw materials properly and make improvements in primary processing. It is important not to mix camel wool with other types of wool at the factory. It is also crucial not to make mistakes during the scouring and de-hairing processes. The processors have to be careful at each stage of processing baby camel wool. In order to increase the value of camel wool, we need to put this exotic and luxurious fibre, which is specially prepared through combing, into production and promote it in the international market. We could increase the number of environmentally friendly camel herds by adding value to their fibre”.
In general, the dyeing of camel wool is difficult because coarse hair does not take any colouring and the coarse hair content of camel wool is much higher compared to goat cashmere (goat cashmere 0.15-0.25%, camel wool 3.5-4.5%). As this makes the colour look tainted and unclean, domestic processing companies were not in favour of dyeing camel wool. However, combed baby camel wool contains only 0.2-0.5% of coarse hair, which should make dyeing possible.
With the successful dyeing of baby camel wool, the Green Gold Project has provided manufacturers with the opportunity to make garments that equal cashmere not only in softness but also in range of colour. This offers the chance to establish a competitive and more sustainable alternative to cashmere in the national and international fashion and textile markets. This will greatly support the intended reduction in the use of cashmere and, correspondingly, in the goat population at the national level.
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Government to support private sector to import vaccines against COVID-19 www.montsame.mn

Deputy Prime Minister S.Amarsaikhan has held a meeting with representatives from national pharmaceutical supplier companies, such as Monos Trade, Mongol Em Impex Concern and Ach Ur.
While noting the importance of public-private partnership in intensifying the COVID-19 vaccination, the Deputy Prime Minister pledge to provide all necessary support to acquire vaccines without delay.
It was also informed at the meeting that Monos Trade and Mongol Em Impex Concern have delivered their official requests for authorization to the Ministry of Health to import AstraZeneca and Sputnik V vaccines.
The companies’ representatives also asked to take notice of the rising transportation costs due to restrictions of direct flights and pledged their readiness to cooperate with the government in every possible area, complying with the government decisions to protect the health and safety of the population.
According to the cabinet secretariat, the private companies will import vaccines against COVID-19 on the basis of risk assessment study within the framework of the government policies.
Yesterday, March 8, Deputy PM Amarsaikhan assured that Mongolia will fully vaccinate its adult population by July 1, 2021 and the ongoing vaccination program in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar will be sped up from March 9 and around 16,000-20,000 people will receive their first doses of COVID-19 vaccine at 85 locations, instead of 20.
In addition, officials from the Ministry of Health informed that as of March 8, there are reserves of 460,000 doses of vaccines against COVID-19 available in Mongolia, including 150,000 doses of AstraZeneca, 300,000 doses of Sinopharm and 10,000 doses of Sputnik-V. Government ministries are working and holding talks with foreign countries to receive more vaccines, according to the Ministry.
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Turquoise Hills profit jumps 41% on higher production www.reuters.com

Canada’s Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd posted a 41.4% rise in quarterly profit on Monday, helped by higher copper prices and increased production of copper and gold at its Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia.
The results come a week after Chief Executive Officer Ulf Quellmann resigned amid a protracted dispute between the company and its top shareholder, Rio Tinto, over funding for the underground expansion of the Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine.
Mongolia had sought an agreement with Rio to cancel the deal underpinning the mine’s underground expansion, saying rising costs and project delays had eroded the expected benefits.
Oyu Tolgoi is one of the world’s largest copper-gold-silver mines. Rio owns 51% of Turquoise Hill, which in turn owns 66% of the mine. The rest of the mine is owned by government of Mongolia.
Copper production rose 26.4% to 41.6 thousand tonnes in the fourth quarter, while gold production surged 266.7% to 88 thousand ounces.
Rio Tinto-controlled Turquoise Hill said income attributable to owners of the company was $159.9 million, or 79 cents per share, for the three months ended Dec. 31, compared with $113.1 million, or 56 cents per share, a year earlier.
(By Arunima Kumar and Praveen Paramasivam; Editing by Amy Caren Daniel)
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Covid vaccines: How fast is progress around the world? www.bbc.com

More than 300 million doses of the coronavirus vaccines have been administered, in more than 100 countries worldwide.
However, there are vast differences in the pace of progress in different parts of the world.
Some countries have secured and delivered doses to a large proportion of their population - but many more are still waiting for their first shipments to arrive.
This information is regularly updated but may not reflect the latest totals for each country. Total vaccinations refers to the number of doses given, not the number of people vaccinated. It is possible to have more than 100 doses per 100 population as some vaccines require two doses per person.
Source: Our World in Data, ONS, gov.uk dashboard
Last updated: 8 March 2021, 16:58 GMT
Short presentational grey line
Who is receiving vaccines?
With an aim to give doses to nearly every adult around the world, this is the largest-scale vaccination programme in history.
The US and China have administered the highest number of doses, 90 million and 52 million respectively.
The UK ranks third, with more than 23 million.
But while nearly all of Europe and the Americas have begun vaccination campaigns, only a handful of African countries have.
Many poorer countries are relying on deliveries from Covax, an international scheme led by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is trying to ensure everyone in the world has access to a Covid vaccine.
Ghana became the first country to receive vaccines through this programme on 24 February.
Covax plans to deliver about two billion vaccine doses globally by the end of the year, but many vaccines require two doses per person.
Which vaccines are in use?
The vaccine produced by Pfizer and BioNTech was the first approved by the WHO.
It is still the vaccine being given in the most countries, but several others have been approved for use.
Chart showing the number of countries using each vaccine
Presentational white space
Most governments are starting with doses for the over-60s, health workers and people who are clinically vulnerable.
In countries such as Israel and the UK, there are already promising signs the vaccines are reducing hospital admissions and deaths as well as community transmission.
Worldwide, more than 200 vaccine candidates are undergoing trials to test their efficacy and safety.
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US urges IT network firms to secure controls after cyberattack www.aljazeera.com

The White House has urged computer network operators to take further steps to gauge whether their systems were affected amid a hack of Microsoft Corp’s Outlook email program, saying a recent software patch still left serious vulnerabilities.
“This is an active threat still developing and we urge network operators to take it very seriously,” a White House official said on Sunday, adding that top US security officials were working to decide what next steps to take following the breach.
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North Korea ‘tried to hack’ Pfizer for COVID-19 vaccine
US TV network CNN on Sunday separately reported that the Biden administration was forming a task force to address the hack. The White House official, in a statement, said the administration was making “a whole of government response”.
While Microsoft released a patch last week to shore up flaws in its email software, the remedy still leaves open a so-called back door that can allow access to compromised servers and perpetuating further attacks by others.
“We can’t stress enough that patching and mitigation is not remediation if the servers have already been compromised and it is essential that any organisation with a vulnerable server take measures to determine if they were already targeted,” the White House official said.
An unidentified source told the Reuters news agency that more than 20,000 US organisations had been compromised by the hack, which Microsoft has blamed on China.
Asked about Microsoft’s attribution of the attack to China, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesman said on Wednesday that the country “firmly opposes and combats cyberattacks and cyber-theft in all forms” and suggested that blaming a particular nation was a “highly sensitive political issue”.
The Bloomberg news agency, citing a former senior US official with knowledge of the investigation, reported that the attack has so far claimed 60,000 known victims globally.
Back channels
The back channels for remote access can affect credit unions, town governments and small business and have left US officials scrambling to reach victims, with the FBI on Sunday urging them to contact the law enforcement agency.
The European Banking Authority became one of the latest victims as it said that access to personal data through emails held on the Microsoft server may have been compromised.
Others identified so far include banks and electricity providers, as well as senior citizen homes and an ice cream company, according to Huntress, a US-based firm that monitors the security of customers, in a blog post on Friday.
Those affected appear to host Web versions of Microsoft’s email program Outlook on their own machines instead of cloud providers, possibly sparing many big companies and federal government agencies, records from the investigation suggest.
Microsoft has urged affected clients to apply software updates as soon as possible [File: Dado Ruvic/Reuters]A Microsoft representative on Sunday said it was working with the government and others to help guide customers, and the company urged affected clients to apply software updates as soon as possible.
Neither the company nor the White House has specified the scale of the hack. Microsoft initially said it was limited, but the White House last week expressed concern about the potential for “a large number of victims”.
So far, only a small percentage of infected networks have been compromised through the back door, the source previously told Reuters, but more attacks are expected.
The hacking group, which Microsoft calls Hafnium, appears to have been breaking into private and government computer networks through the company’s popular Exchange email software for a number of months, initially attacking only a small number of victims, according to Steven Adair, the head of US-based Volexity. The cybersecurity company helped Microsoft identify the flaws being used by the hackers for which the software giant issued a fix on Tuesday.
The result is a second cybersecurity crisis coming just months after suspected Russian hackers breached nine federal agencies and at least 100 companies through tampered updates from IT management software maker SolarWinds LLC.
Fragile networks
Both the most recent incident and the SolarWinds attack show the fragility of modern networks and sophistication of state-sponsored hackers to identify hard-to-find vulnerabilities or even create them to conduct espionage. They also involve complex cyberattacks, with an initial blast radius of large numbers of computers which is then narrowed as the attackers focus their efforts, which can take affected organisations weeks or months to resolve.
In the case of the Microsoft bugs, simply applying the company-provided updates will not remove the attackers from a network. A review of affected systems is required, said Charles Carmakal, a senior vice president at FireEye Inc, a US-based cybersecurity company. And the White House emphasised the same thing, including tweets from the National Security Council urging the growing list of victims to carefully comb through their computers for signs of the attackers.
Initially, the hackers appeared to be focusing on high-value intelligence targets in the US, Adair said. About a week ago, everything changed. Other unidentified hacking groups began hitting thousands of victims over a short period, inserting hidden software that could give them access later, he said.
Adair said that other hacking groups may have found the same flaws and began their own attacks – or that China may have wanted to capture as many victims as possible, then sort out which had intelligence value.
Either way, the attacks were so successful – and so rapid – that the hackers appear to have found a way to automate the process. “If you are running an Exchange server, you most likely are a victim,” he said.
Data from other security companies suggest that the scope of the attacks may not end up being quite that bad. Researchers from Huntress examined about 3,000 vulnerable servers on its partners’ networks and found about 350 infections – or just over 10 percent.
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China says manufacturing 'greatness' still 30 years away www.bbc.com

China is at least 30 years away from becoming a manufacturing nation of "great power", a government advisor told party delegates on Sunday.
Many observers already see China as the "world's factory" given that more than a third of global output from cars to phones comes from there.
But China's leaders are concerned about its heavy dependence on the US for high-tech products like semiconductors.
"Basic capabilities are still weak" Miao Wei warned on Sunday.
"Core technologies are in the hands of others" and China runs the risk of "being hit in the throat" warned Mr Miao, who was Minister of Industry and Information Technology for a decade.
He is now a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the top advisory body to the government.
Although China still produces a significant amount of consumer and industrial products, its manufacturing output as a share of its economy has declined.
Last year, manufacturing accounted for slightly over a quarter of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the lowest level since 2012.
"The ratio of manufacturing output to GDP has been declining too early and too quickly" Mr Miao said in a speech to CPPCC delegates at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
"China's manufacturing industry has made great achievements in recent years, but the situation of being big but not strong and comprehensive but not good has not been fundamentally changed," Mr Miao added.
Tech battle
China also laid out its draft economic plan for the next five years. It wants to speed up the development of advanced technologies from chips to artificial intelligence.
The initiatives follow repeated blocks on China's access to US technology under the Trump administration. Chinese companies such as Huawei have been cut off from buying critical components.
Establishing its own world-class domestic chip makers has become a top priority for Chinese leaders.
Its five-year plan targets seven strategic areas considered essential to national security and includes AI, quantum computing, neuroscience and aerospace.
The blueprint reiterates China's desire to increase competitiveness in aircraft development, robotics and new-energy vehicles.
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Meghan and Harry interview: Racism claims, duke 'let down' by dad, and duchess on Kate www.bbc.com

The Duke and Duchess of Sussex's much-anticipated interview with Oprah Winfrey has aired in the US - with the couple sharing their side of the story about life in the Royal Family.
The couple spoke about their relationships with other royals, racism and how their mental health suffered.
Meghan spoke with Oprah for most of the interview, before being joined by Prince Harry.
The interview will be aired on ITV on Monday at 21:00 GMT and on ITV Hub.
Live updates: Oprah with Meghan and Harry airs in US
1. 'Discussions about how dark Meghan's baby might be'
One of the biggest allegations from the interview was that there were "several conversations" within the Royal Family about how dark Meghan and Harry's baby might be.
"In those months when I was pregnant [there were] concerns and conversations about how dark his skin might be when he was born," said Meghan.
She said the conversations were with Harry, who relayed them to her. Both she and Harry refused to say which royal said it.
"That conversation, I am never going to share," said Harry. "At the time it was awkward, I was a bit shocked."
Harry also said that it hurt him that his family never spoke out about the "colonial undertones" of news headlines and articles.
2. Kate 'made Meghan cry' - not the other way around
One story that circulated in the newspapers a few years ago was that the Duchess of Cambridge was left in tears by Meghan in the run-up to the wedding in a row over flower girl dresses.
But Meghan told Oprah the reverse was true.
"A few days before the wedding [Kate] was upset about the flower girl dresses and it made me cry," Meghan said. She said Kate later apologised and brought flowers and a note to make amends.
"I'm not sharing that piece about Kate to be disparaging about her," Meghan said. She said Kate was "a good person" and hoped that she would have wanted the false stories corrected.
3. Meghan said she was on the verge of suicide but was refused help
Meghan spoke about how lonely she felt after joining the Royal Family and the loss of her freedom. "When I joined that family, that was the last time until we came here that I saw my passport, my driver's licence, my keys, all that gets turned over," she said.
She said her mental health got so bad that she "didn't want to be alive any more".
"I went to the institution and I said that I needed to go somewhere to get help, said I had never felt that way before and need to go somewhere, and I was told that I couldn't, that it wouldn't be good for the institution."
She said she went to "one of the most senior people" within the institution and then to the palace human resources department. "Nothing was ever done," she added.
4. Meghan spoke to one of Diana's friends
Princess Diana's name came up many times throughout the interview - with similarities drawn between their experiences of being in the Royal Family.
"I didn't even know who to turn to," said Meghan, of the time when she was struggling. "One of the people I reached out to who's continued to be a friend and confidante was one of my husband's mom's best friends.
"Because it's like who else could understand what it's actually like on the inside?"
5. Harry feels 'let down' by Charles
Oprah asked Harry about his relationships with his family and especially with his father, the Prince of Wales, and brother, the Duke of Cambridge.
At one point after stepping back as senior royals, Harry said Charles "stopped taking my calls".
"I feel really let down because he's been through something similar, he knows what pain feels like and Archie's his grandson.
"But at the same time, of course I will always love him but there's a lot of hurt that's happened and I will continue to make it one of my priorities to try and heal that relationship."
On William, Harry said he loved him to bits and they have been through hell together. "But we were on different paths."
6. But the couple's relationship with the Queen is good
Harry said he has a "really good" relationship with his grandmother and he has spoken to her more in the last year - including video calls with Archie - than he has for many years.
"She's my colonel-in-chief, right? She always will be."
Meghan also praised the Queen and said she gave her some beautiful jewellery for the couple's first joint engagement together as well as sharing a blanket with her to keep warm while travelling together.
7. Harry 'cut off financially'
In the first quarter of 2020, Harry said his family "literally cut me off financially".
He said the Netflix and Spotify deals that he and Meghan have struck to make shows and podcasts were never part of the plan but "I had to afford security for us".
"But I've got what my mum left me and without that we wouldn't have been able to do this."
The couple reveal that, after they were cut off, American billionaire and media mogul Tyler Perry provided Harry and Meghan with a home and security last year when they moved from Canada to southern California.
8. The truth behind a photograph
Meghan said that the evening after she told Harry that she was feeling suicidal, they had to attend an official event at the Royal Albert Hall.
Meghan spoke about a photo that has haunted her because of what it reminded her of.
She said a friend had commented how great the couple looked but she added: "That picture, if you zoom in, what I see is how tightly his knuckles are gripped around mine," she told Oprah, as she became emotional.
"We are smiling and doing our job but we're both just trying to hold on. "Every time those lights went down in that royal box, I was just weeping."
9. Meghan 'didn't do any research' on the Royal Family
Talking about the first time she met the Queen, Meghan said she was surprised to learn she had to curtsy.
She said she thought it was just "part of the fanfare" and didn't happen inside the Royal Family
She described having to quickly practise curtsying before an impromptu lunch with the Queen. "I said: 'It's your grandmother," said Meghan. "He said: 'It's the Queen.'"
Meghan added that she hadn't done any research on the family before joining - and insisted she had never looked up her husband online while they were dating.
10. They actually married three days before the wedding
Millions of people watched Harry and Meghan tie the knot at Windsor Castle in 2018. But the couple revealed they actually got married by the Archbishop of Canterbury in a simple ceremony three days before.
"We called the archbishop and we just said, 'look, this thing, this spectacle is for the world but we want our union between us... just the two of us in our backyard'."
11. Archie's favourite phrase is 'drive safe'
Harry spoke about Archie, and the joy he gets from taking him out on bike rides. The interview included a clip of the toddler playing on the beach with his parents.
The couple joked that his favourite word for the past few weeks has been "hydrate", and Harry said whenever anyone leaves the house, Archie tells them "drive safe".
12. And... it's a girl
The couple confirm they're expecting a baby girl in the summer.
Harry said it was "amazing", adding: "What more can you ask for?" - but said they would be done after baby number two arrives.
Towards the end of the interview, Oprah asked if Meghan had got her happy ending with Prince Harry after all. "Greater than any fairytale that you've ever read," she said.
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Mayer Brown advises Mongolian Mortgage Corporation on US$250 million bond offering www.mayerbrown.com

Mayer Brown represented Mongolian Mortgage Corporation HFC LLC and MIK Holding JSC in connection with the issuance of US$250 million 8.85% senior notes due 2024.
The issuer plans to use the net proceeds from the offering to purchase its outstanding 9.75% senior notes due 2022, and the remainder to purchase mortgages with recourse in the ordinary course of business.
This transaction forms part of Mongolia’s effort to revitalize its economy and encourage domestic sustainable development during the COVID-19 pandemic. This issuance introduces much-needed liquidity into the growing mortgage market in Mongolia. The new issuance should translate into lower lending rates for Mongolian mortgage holders, while taking pressure off the balance sheets of Mongolia’s commercial banks through the purchase of underlying mortgages. We are very proud to be part of this transaction and to contribute to the further development of Mongolia’s domestic mortgage market.
Mayer Brown has advised on numerous bond offerings involving Mongolia-based issuers, and has won a number of awards in connection with these deals. The firm's latest representation again demonstrates our leadership in Asia-Pacific debt capital markets transactions and our deep understanding of frontier markets.
The Mayer Brown team across three continents was led by Corporate & Securities partners Jason T. Elder and Thomas Kollar (both Hong Kong). The team included Tax Transactions & Consulting partner Jared Goldberger and associate Brennan Young (both New York), Banking & Finance partner James Taylor (London), and Corporate & Securities associate Sean Su and corporate finance officer Jinni Yeo (both Hong Kong).
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Mongolia to permit scheduled international services to resume from May-2021 www.centreforaviation.com

Mongolia's Government announced plans to permit scheduled international services to and from Mongolia to resume from 01-May-2021, following a temporary prohibition since mid Feb-2020 due to the outbreak of coronavirus (Xinhua/China Daily, 04-Mar-2021). The government is undertaking works to equip Ulaanbaatar Chinggis Khaan International Airport for COVID-19 safe handling of international services, including works to install glass barriers at check in counters and establish temporary isolation rooms.

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