Events
Name | organizer | Where |
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MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK | MBCCI | London UK Goodman LLC |
NEWS

China, Mongolia to discuss technology, railway connections and green development as prime minister begins 6-day trip www.scmp.com
Mongolia is expected to enhance cooperation with China on technology, railway connections and green development as its prime minister kicked off a six-day visit to its neighbour on Monday.
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who is leading the high-level delegation, is expected to meet Chinese Premier Li Qiang and will also attend the World Economic Forum’s 14th Annual Meeting of the New Champions, or Summer Davos, in northern port city of Tianjin between Tuesday and Friday.
“I am delighted to undertake my first official visit to China and take the opportunity to expand our two countries’ strategic partnership,” Oyun-Erdene said in an official statement.
Science, technology, innovation and green development, including delivering progress on projects such as the Erdeneburen hydropower plant, will be discussed, according to the statement.
This is basically a very consistent strategy to form relations with developing countries through trade and economic cooperation
Edwin Lai
“I can see why China is interested in building this kind of relationship in Mongolia. This land belt is very important for China’s relations with Central Asia … and China is doing it step by step with a long view,” said Edwin Lai, director of the Centre for Economic Development at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
“This is basically a very consistent strategy to form relations with developing countries through trade and economic cooperation.”
Both governments will work on the enhancement of connectivity through the Gashuunsukhait railway, as well as the integration of the Bichigt and Shivee Khuren railway networks.
China hopes to bolster transport infrastructure in Mongolia to control ‘all points of entry’
James Chin
A rail service between Mongolia’s Tavan Tolgoi coalfield and Gashuunsukhait on the Chinese border was opened in September, with the expectation that it could help coal exports to China reach 50 million tonnes a year.
Both Mongolian border crossings of Bichigt and Shivee Khuren can be connected to China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and are expected to facilitate the transport of bulk goods, such as coal and copper, with a more comprehensive rail structure.
“China hopes to bolster transport infrastructure in Mongolia to control ‘all points of entry’ while Russia is busy with Ukraine and the US doesn’t care about Mongolia,” said James Chin, a professor of Asian studies at the University of Tasmania in Australia.
“China’s goal is to expand railway projects from Mongolia westward all the way to Belarus.”
During their trip to China, the Mongolian delegation is also expected to explore the potential of extending China’s swap loan into a development loan.
China is using the loan and any resulting infrastructure as part of its “grand connecting plan”, said Jayant Menon, a senior fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore.
“Mongolia will gladly accept the loans because it relies otherwise on multilateral organisations such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank,” he added, noting that Chinese loans have “fewer caveats” compared to the multilateral lenders.
Oyun-Erdene told the Post in March that Mongolia is seeking economic diversification and to be less dependent on a single market.
Mongolia and France, for example, have entered into a broader cooperation in tourism, direct commercial flights and commercial satellites, according to an official statement from the Mongolian government in May following a visit by French President Emmanuel Macron.
BY:
Kandy Wong returned to the Post in 2022 as a correspondent for the Political Economy desk, having earlier worked as a reporter on the Business desk. She focuses on China's trade relationships with the United States, the European Union and Australia, as well as the Belt & Road Initiative and currency issues. She graduated from New York University with a master's degree in journalism in 2013. An award-winning journalist, she has worked in Hong Kong, China and New York for the Hong Kong Economic Journal and the Financial Times, E&E News, Forbes, The Economist Intelligence Unit, Nikkei Asia and Coconuts Media.

Mongolia in the middle: China and Russia may split over the allure of renewables www.lowyinstitute.org
Mongolia, sandwiched as it is between China and Russia, the world’s two most powerful authoritarian states, is unlucky. Its rich solar and wind potential may prove to be a curse, not a blessing, as Beijing might be tempted to infringe on Mongolian sovereignty.
Mongolia will, over time, become a much more sensitive issue in Sino-Russian relations.
China’s policy towards Mongolian renewables development will have significant implications for its relationship with Russia.
The numbers show why. Mongolia’s renewable resources are – potentially – transformative for Northeast Asian energy. The Asian Development Bank estimates renewables-rich Mongolia has the potential to generate 5,457 terawatt-hours of clean electricity via wind and solar electricity, or about 63 per cent of China’s total electricity generation in 2022. Mongolia also seems like a natural destination for Chinese solar exports, which are projected to exceed China’s domestic demand by more than 500 per cent by 2030.
If Mongolia exports even a tenth of its renewables potential, the implications for Chinese energy will be immense. Mongolian-generated electricity from renewables could displace or even replace Russian energy exports to China, including from the long-planned Power of Siberia 2 natural gas pipeline. Beijing is already taking initial steps to develop renewables in climatologically-similar regions adjoining Mongolia.
China’s policy towards Mongolian renewables development will have significant implications for its relationship with Russia. Beijing’s economic footprint in Mongolia easily outpaces Moscow’s. China already accounts for the overwhelming majority of Mongolia’s exports, while bilateral trade is rising amid a new cross-border rail linkage.
It is difficult to overstate Beijing’s ability to dictate political and security terms in its landlocked neighbour. The power gap between China and Mongolia is vast. China’s population and GDP are, respectively, 408 and 1,075 times larger than Mongolia’s; Beijing’s claimed military expenditures are nearly 3,000 times greater than its neighbour’s.
To date, two factors have constrained Chinese interventions in Mongolia: a lack of material benefit, and Beijing’s fear of upsetting ties with Moscow. Conditions are changing.
Amid the improving techno-economics of solar, wind and batteries, China is building renewables in its portion of the Gobi Desert, including a US$12 billion solar project for 13 Gigawatts (GW) of solar capacity; it ultimately aims to build 450 GW in arid regions. Since the Gobi extends across both China and Mongolia, the constraint to renewables construction in Mongolia is ultimately political, not technical. If trial projects on its side of the Gobi prove successful, China may seek to deploy solar, wind, batteries, and transmission lines across the border.
While Beijing has trodden lightly in Mongolia in the post-Cold War period to placate Moscow, its posture may be shifting. In May 2021, Mongolia publicly arrested two of its intelligence officers, reportedly for spying for Russian security services. Chinese security services, with one eye on Beijing’s long-term energy interests, may have nudged their Mongolian counterparts to disrupt Russian networks. Mongolian and Chinese security services also cooperated in Ulaanbaatar’s arrest of a Mongolian-language anti-China activist who fled China’s province of Inner Mongolia.
Beijing will likely seek to absorb Mongolia’s renewables potential peacefully, without provoking a sanctions response from the West.
Transforming Mongolia into a renewables exporter won’t be easy: dramatic infrastructure overhauls to site enormous wind turbines and solar farms and connect them to Chinese demand centres will require years and massive injections of capital and labour.
The politics of Mongolian renewables development would also be fraught. Beijing will likely seek to absorb Mongolia’s renewables potential peacefully, without provoking a sanctions response from the West, but even a non-coercive buildout of renewables would see tens of thousands of Chinese workers enter a tiny country.
China could soon make major moves in Mongolia, despite these constraints.
Given its reluctance to upset political ties with Moscow or its economic relationships with Washington and Brussels, Beijing will likely move slowly in Mongolia, attempt to use non-coercive instruments whenever possible, and downplay any threats to Russia’s energy exports. Beijing’s posture could change, however, as the techno-economics of Mongolia’s wind and solar potential become more alluring. Indeed, the recent China–Mongolia rail network expansion could be repurposed for mass shipment of solar panels and may be an initial sign of Beijing’s interest in Mongolian renewables.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has utterly renounced the West, ensuring Russia has become China’s junior partner. This equilibrium is unstable, however, as Russia’s declining economic and military power slowly renders it less useful to China. Over the long term, Mongolian renewables could further reduce Russia’s value in Chinese energy security. Russia and China are close today, but Moscow may be about to learn a hard lesson.
BY: JOSEPH WEBSTER
This article represents the author’s own personal opinion.

The United States and Mongolia Sign MOU to Collaborate on Critical Minerals www.state.gov
Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Jose W. Fernandez signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Government of Mongolia on June 27, 2023, to jointly advance secure and resilient critical mineral supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region. This MOU includes a framework for Mongolia and the United States to work together on technical areas of support to further Mongolia’s efforts to develop capacity to encourage investment in its mineral resource sector, which is vital to the global clean energy transition.
As strategic partners, the United States and Mongolia have mutual interest in strengthening our economies and making them more resilient. Critical minerals and rare earth elements play an increasingly important role in our economies, and developing these resources will help strengthen both countries’ economies. The United States stands ready to explore opportunities to help develop this sector in Mongolia, including by encouraging private sector investment. This MOU further reflects the United States’ broader goal of advancing high environmental, social, and governance standards in the global mining sector.
To stay updated, follow Under Secretary Fernandez on Twitter: @State_E , Facebook: @StateDeptE , and LinkedIn: @State-E .
For press inquiries, please contact: E_Communications@state.gov.

Profile: Prime Minister of Mongolia Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene www.xinhuanet.com
At the invitation of Chinese Premier Li Qiang, Prime Minister of Mongolia Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene will pay an official visit to China from June 26th to July 1st and attend the 14th Annual Meeting of the New Champions, also known as the Summer Davos Forum.
Oyun-Erdene, 42, graduated from the Bers College of Mongolia in 2001, majoring in journalism, studied law at the Law School of the National University of Mongolia in 2008, and obtained a Master's degree in public administration from Harvard University in the United States in 2015.
Since 2016, he has been elected twice as a member of the State Great Khural (parliament). He has successively served as the chairman of the Youth Union of the Mongolian People's Party, secretary and acting secretary general of the People's Party, and chief of the Cabinet's Secretariat.
He became the prime minister of Mongolia in January 2021, assumed the position of acting chairman of the People's Party in June of the same year, and became the chairman of the party in December.

MIAT has a fleet of five aircraft, including one Boeing 767-300ER www.news.mn
In 2019, it was announced that MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Air Lease Corporation had entered a long-term lease agreement to acquire one Boeing 787. Eventually that order was increased to two aircraft.
At the time, the first plane was scheduled to be delivered in the spring of 2021. However, as you’d expect, between the pandemic and Boeing 787 production issues, that timeline has been pushed back considerably. Delivery of the first aircraft was scheduled for second quarter of 2023. Suffice it to say that this timeline doesn’t appear to be sticking anymore.
While exact details of the cabin interiors aren’t yet known, it’s expected that the plane will have 313 seats, including 16 business class seats, 21 premium economy seats, and 276 economy seats.
Here’s how D.Battur, CEO of MIAT Mongolian Airlines back in 2019, described the order:
“Our vision is to become a globally recognized Mongolian national flag carrier, and we are making a significant step forward by adding the first 787-9 Dreamliner to our fleet. The Mongolian Dreamliner will fly our passengers direct and in unmatched comfort to their dream destinations. Today is a proud day for MIAT and for all Mongolians.”
For context, MIAT Mongolian currently has a fleet of five aircraft, including one Boeing 767-300ER, three Boeing 737-800s, and one Boeing 737 MAX 8. The 767 is currently MIAT Mongolian’s only long haul aircraft between Ulaanbaatar and Frankfurt.

US Under Secretary Fernandez to visit Oyu Tolgoi mine www.news.mn
Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Jose W. Fernandez is visiting in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 25-29 June, to meet with senior government officials and other stakeholders to deepen U.S.-Mongolia economic ties. The trip’s purpose is to explore collaboration on projects to advance Mongolia’s economic development and resilience, with a focus on energy security, critical minerals, transportation, food security, intellectual property rights, and the digital economy.
In Ulaanbaatar, Under Secretary Fernandez will join the Governments of Mongolia and the Republic of Korea to launch the first-ever trilateral dialogue on critical minerals, which will deepen cooperation between the three countries and help identify ways to work together to promote high environmental, social, and governance standards in mining practices.
This year the United States is celebrating 36 years of diplomatic relations with Mongolia, for which we are proud to be its “third neighbor” and strategic partner. To expand our partnership, the Under Secretary will discuss joint efforts on the economy, critical minerals, energy, and the environment with Minister of Foreign Affairs B.Battsetseg, Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry J.Gaanbaatar, and other government and private sector counterparts.
During the Under Secretary’s visit, he will also meet with members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Mongolia, deliver remarks on international trade at the World Export Development Forum, visit the Oyu Tolgoi mine, and engage in cultural activities with the local community, including a pickup game with the Mongolian women’s national 3×3 basketball team.

Mongolia expects the Power of Siberia-2 to contribute up to USD 1 billion a year www.news.mn
The Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline has the potential to transform Northeast Asian energy security dynamics, provided Moscow and Beijing agree to its specific terms. With a predicted annual transport capacity of around 50 billion cubic metres of gas, the pipeline’s construction will increase the natural gas supply to China and Asia.
Economically, Mongolia expects the Power of Siberia-2 to contribute up to USD 1 billion a year in transit fees to the country’s revenue, create employment, facilitate economic diversification and accelerate its energy transition away from coal. All these developments are necessary conditions for Mongolia’s sustainable growth.
Mongolia is a developing economy with an average per capita income of just over USD 4500, an underemployment rate of more than 12 per cent and an overdependence on resource extraction. Such an economic windfall will have substantial implications for Mongolia’s development.
On energy, Mongolia’s ability to import natural gas through the Power of Siberia-2 pipeline will help it transition more rapidly away from coal. Mongolia uses coal for 85 percent of its energy supply and relies on Soviet-era coal-fired combined heat and power plants to service its main cities.

China-Mongolia border port handles record-high volume of daily goods www.xinhuanet.com
The daily volume of goods handled by Ganqmod Port, the largest highway port on the China-Mongolia border, has surpassed 170,000 tonnes so far this year, the port administration said Thursday.
This figure marks a record-high volume of daily goods handled by the port. In 2022, the port completed the customs clearance of over 19 million tonnes of goods, more than twice that of 2021.
As of Thursday, the port had already handled more than 15 million tonnes of goods, a year-on-year growth of over 200 percent, said the port administration, attributing this growth to the intelligent and streamlined customs clearance.
Situated in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ganqmod Port is a major energy import channel for the country and an important hub on the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor. It is also the region's first highway port to reach the 10-million-tonne mark in 2023, hitting the target nearly four months earlier than in 2022.
(Web editor: Zhao Tong, Liang Jun)

Insurance industry reviewed www.ubposts.com
June 20, the parliament’s standing committee on economy held a meeting with 52.6 percent attendance. During which the relevant organizations talked about the legal framework and current situation of the insurance industry.
Head of the Financial Market and Insurance Department of the Financial Policy Sector of the Ministry of Finance L.Sonor presented the current situation and legal reforms in the insurance industry. He states, one of the three pillars of the financial sector, the insurance sector occupies a rather small share. By the end of 2022, the ratio of total premium income of the insurance industry to GDP in Mongolia is 0.63 percent, which is 10 times lower than the average of other countries. The main indicators of the insurance sector have been growing in the last decade, and by December 2022, the total assets of the companies in the sector have increased to 475 billion MNT. He added that the total premium income of the insurance industry has increased to 305 billion MNT. Then, Head of the Financial Regulatory Commission D.Bayarsaikhan added more information about the legal framework and current situation of the insurance industry.
As of today, insurance organizations operate through 254 companies, 395 insurance intermediary companies, 90 branches and representative offices of insurance damage assessment companies and provide services to more than 1.3 million insured citizens with 688 insurance products (one company averages over 30 insurance products). D.Bayarsaikhan presented that in the first five months of this year, the total assets of insurance companies increased by 11.6 percent from the same period of the previous year and reached 475 billion MNT. Considering the share of the total assets of insurance companies by type of insurer, the total assets of ordinary insurance companies are 398.2 billion MNT, the total assets of longterm insurance companies are 16.4 billion MNT, and the total assets of reinsurance companies are 60.3 billion MNT.
D.Bayarsaikhan then continued about livestock indexed insurance, which is insurance product that sets a threshold or index as a percentage of the loss of livestock in a given area and compensates policyholders who have insured their animals in a given area if the percentage of livestock loss exceeds that threshold. The government sets the threshold for the level of risk. For example, according to Government Resolution, the first threshold is five to six percent, and the second threshold is 25 to 30 percent. It was mentioned that the percentage of livestock indexed insurance coverage is very low, and by the end of 2022, 14.4 percent of all herding households and about eight percent of all livestock were covered by indexed livestock insurance. In this context, livestock valued at 117.9 billion MNT were insured and insurance premiums of 3.9 billion MNT were collected. After the census, cattle are considered sheltered, and if they exceed the threshold, compensation is paid to herdsmen.
Process on digitizing state services introduced
At the standing committee on innovation and digital policy’s meeting, they discussed digitizing state services and matters related to some law amendments. Minister of Digital Development and Communication N.Uchral
presented the progress of the order given by the standing committee on October 24, 2022. He said, “The government has decided to approve the list of software projects to be completed by the private sector. As a result, the government will not develop the system further. This means that it will not duplicate the work done by the private sector, but only define the policy. In the framework of this work, the www.mindgolia.mn software department store has been established and more than 380 products are located there.”
The Minister then remarked, “Every year, the government purchases software worth 950 billion MNT. The state is still a big buyer, but the systems are not interconnected. To open the legal possibility for the private sector to purchase the government by putting it on mindgolia, the state procurement department gave directions to connect mindgolia.mn and e-tender.mn. In the future, companies and enterprises will put their developed systems on mindgolia.mn and the government will buy them. Also, according to the 10-year plan presented by the private sector, the telecommunications sector is a large sector with sales of 1.6 trillion MNT, but the information technology sector is not able to sell much. Since the sales of the information technology sector is less than 0.3 percent of the gross domestic product, they are working to improve the legal environment to support software manufacturers.”
Bill on General Education Law discussed
At the standing committee meeting, the discussion was held about the General Education Law and education sector matters. Minister of Education and Science L.Enkh-Amgalan said that the evaluation level of the examination is being reformed. For example, mathematics will be reformed so that it becomes a base test, and it will be evaluated differently depending on level. He also said that in the 21st century, the program for acquiring digital and English language skills is being reformed.
After that, the first discussion of the amendment of Preschool and General Education Law was held. The working group formulated 33 proposals with differences in principle. Voting was conducted in accordance and each item was discussed.
The Minister presented information on the progress of the project to replace pit toilets in state-owned kindergartens, gen-
eral education schools, and dormitories with modern sanitary facilities. He said that the project will be implemented in four
stages where the first two will take place in 92 soums of 16 provinces. Of a total of 307 buildings, 183 started usages, 29 are
ready and 95 continue construction. Also, in stage three, 130 soums of 17 provinces, in stage four, 92 soums of 18 provinces will participate in the project of replacing schools, kindergartens and boarding houses with modern sanitary facilities. As of June 15, 35.6 billion MNT funding has been provided. The budget for each sanitary facility to be built in each subdistrict is different. For example, the budget for the sanitary facility of Khairkhan soum dormitory in Arkhangai Province is 267.1 million MNT, while the sanitary facility budget for Bulgan soum Secondary School in Bayan-Ulgii Province is 341.7 million MNT. In general, the actual cost of one object ranges between 160 and 180 million MNT, depending on the capacity of the kindergarten, secondary school, and dormitory.

Government, private sector and herders to cooperate on producing livestock products www.ubposts.com
Within the framework of supporting livestock products that meet climate-resistant development criteria and introduce them to the market, investment exhibition was organized under the project “Improving Adaptive Capacity and Risk Management of Rural People in Mongolia (ADAPT)”.
In this activity, the governors of the four provinces where the project is implemented, the directors of the provincial Food and Agriculture Department, the head of the Veterinary Medical Department, the elected governors of eight soums, representatives of herdsmen’s organizations, livestock processing industries and their associations, the United Nations Development Program, relevant management of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, and Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry and representatives of the private sector and government organizations have participated.
At the exhibition, participants were introduced to the sustainable model of animal husbandry products that will be tested in eight sub-districts of the four provinces of the project.
Within the framework of the ADAPT project, the following model activities will be implemented in eight soums:
• Agreement on the use of pastures to match the number of livestock to the carrying capacity of the pastures, and incentives from the management of soums to support the herdsmen in fulfilling their obligations under the agreement (payment for ecosystem services)
• Pastoralist groups undertake to establish a healthy and peaceful area free of infectious diseases at the level of contract pastures to ensure product quality
• Livestock farmers’ organizations should implement the activity of bringing teen animals into economic circulation by fattening lambs
• Concentrating livestock, meat, and cashmere in one place, verifying quality and origin, buying and selling through cooperatives and agricultural exchanges to cooperating private processing plants
According to Article 60.2.8 of the Budget law, it states to implement model activities in the direction of adaptation to climate change that can be implemented in soums from the livestock tax to achieve mentioned activities.
The exhibition is organized by the ADAPT project which is implemented by the United Nations Development Program, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry and is funded by the Green Climate Fund. ADAPT project will be implemented in Khovd, Zavkhan, Dornod, and Sukhbaatar provinces within 2021 to 2028.
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