Mongolian baritone E.Amartuvshin, is getting ready for a new ‘Rigoletto’. He returned to La Scala in the title role less than two years after his debut there in “Aida” in October 2020. Bringing the role of the cursed court jester to La Scala is a personal milestone for Mr. E.Amartuvshin, 36. It is also a signature role, but never an easy one, especially at an opera house as prestigious as La Scala.

“I’ve sung the role of Rigoletto about 60 times, but this time at La Scala is a little bit intimidating and exciting,” E.Amartuvshin said in a phone interview from Milan last month, the day before rehearsals began.

After this “Rigoletto,” which runs from June 20 to July 11, E.Amartuvshin will sing in no fewer than five other Verdi operas in the coming months: “Nabucco” and “Aida,” in Verona this summer, followed this fall by “La Forza del Destino” in Parma, “Il Trovatore” in Florence and “La Traviata” in Vienna. He will repeat “La Traviata” for his Metropolitan Opera debut in January. It is the kind of schedule befitting in-demand opera singers who book engagements months or years in advance.

He began singing opera professionally after graduation — including “Prince Igor” and “Rigoletto” in Mongolia. He was a winner in the Operalia competition in 2012 and won the audience award at the BBC Cardiff Singer of the World competition in 2015.

The US will no longer require air travellers to have proof of a negative Covid-19 test before entering the country from abroad.

Officials said they were dropping the requirement due to the "tremendous progress" the country had made in the fight against the virus.

The travel industry has been pushing for an end to the policy, which they say has deterred bookings, as families fear getting stranded abroad.

The change comes into effect on Sunday.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will re-evaluate the policy in 90 days. The administration said it would "not hesitate to act" to reinstate the rule should new variants make officials believe it is necessary.

"We are able to take this step because of the tremendous progress we've made in our fight against the virus: We have made lifesaving vaccines and treatments widely available and these tools are working to prevent serious illness and death, and are effective against the prevalent variants circulating in the US and around the world," a senior official told reporters.

The US introduced rules requiring air travellers to test negative within three days of their flight - or provide proof of recent recovery from the virus - in January 2021.

US President Joe Biden tightened the policy to within one day of flying in December, as the Omicron variant pushed virus cases higher. The testing measure did not apply to land crossings.

Most non-US citizens must still be vaccinated to travel to the country.

The number of Covid cases in the US has dropped sharply since January, though the figures had started to rise again in recent weeks before plateauing. Deaths remain much lower than during the height of the pandemic because of the impact of the vaccination programme.

The travel sector, which has seen demand surge as concerns about the pandemic wane, has said the US has lagged behind other countries in re-evaluating testing policies.

The UK removed all Covid-19 test requirements for travel in March, as did Canada. Italy ended its testing requirements this month.

On Friday, Canada also said it would pause random Covid testing at airports for the rest of June in order to reduce wait times for travellers.

US Travel Association president Roger Dow said the change in policy would "accelerate the recovery of the US travel industry", while the International Air Transport Association said it was "great news" the "ineffective" measure was being dropped.

Airline Virgin Atlantic also welcomed the move, saying it would "boost consumer confidence even further and support the rebound in transatlantic travel this summer".

The US has been slowly easing Covid national restrictions. Last November, it lifted restrictions on travellers from more than 30 countries, including the UK, after a more than 18-month ban.

In April, the US dropped its requirement that passengers wear masks on planes after a court voided the CDC's mandate.

According to research by the US Travel Association, eliminating the test requirement is likely to bring an additional 5.4 million visitors to the US this year, boosting travel spending by 12%,

"Today marks another huge step forward for the recovery of inbound air travel and the return of international travel to the United States," Mr Dow said.

The sixth edition of the international motorsports festival kicked off here on Saturday after being halted by the COVID-19 pandemic for two years.

More than 1,000 motorcyclists from all 21 provinces of Mongolia and several other countries such as Russia and Japan are participating in the festival.

The annual moto sports festival entitled "Steppe wind' is being co-organized by the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator's tourism department and "Mongolian choppers brotherhood" non-governmental organization under the motto "Healthy People - Alcohol-Free Mongolia".

Within the framework of the festival, numerous activities are expected to be held, such as a parade of motorcycles, a concert of famous Mongolian rock bands, a DJ show and a rare and antique motorcycle exhibition.

In a unique gesture, four Holy Relics of Lord Buddha are being taken to Mongolia for an exposition as part of Mongolian Buddha Purnima celebrations on June 14.

A 25-member delegation, led by Union Law Minister Kiren Rijiju, will accompany the relics on their journey, starting Monday.

The relics will be displayed at Batsagaan Temple, within the premises of Gandan Monastery, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi had visited in 2015.

The four relics come from among 22 Buddha relics, currently housed at the National Museum in Delhi, and known as the ‘Kapilvastu Relics’ since they are from a site in Bihar believed to be the ancient city of Kapilvastu. They were discovered in 1898.

During the 11-day visit, Union Culture Minister G Kishan Reddy said, the relics will be accorded the status of a State Guest in Mongolia and will be taken in the same climate-controlled case as it has been kept presently at the National Museum.

The Indian Air Force has made available a special airplane — C-17 GlobeMaster — to carry the holy relics, which will be received in Mongolia by the country’s Culture Minister, the adviser to the country’s President, and a group of monks. The Buddha Relics available in Mongolia would also be displayed along with the relics from India, it was informed.

The last time these relics were taken out of the country was in 2012, when their exposition was held in Sri Lanka. In 2015, the Holy Relics were placed under ‘AA’ category of antiquities and art treasures that should not be ordinarily taken out of the country for exhibition, considering their delicate nature.

Reddy said New Delhi made an exception and permitted the exposition of Holy Relics in Mongolia on request of Ulaanbaatar.

Calling it a milestone in India-Mongolia relations, Rijiju said this will further boost cultural and spiritual relations between the countries.

The relics were discovered from Piprahwa, in UP’s Siddharthnagar district, believed to be a part of the ancient city of Kapilavastu. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) had conducted excavations at Piprahwa between 1971 and 1977, wherein they discovered two inscribed steatite stone caskets containing 12 sacred relics from the bigger casket and 10 sacred relics from the smaller casket. The inscription on the lid of the casket refers to the relics of the Buddha and the Shakya clan. These are believed to be the sacred relics of the Buddha and are now on long-term loan from ASI to the National Museum, New Delhi.

In October last year, during the inauguration of the international airport at Kushinagar (the final resting place of the Buddha), sacred relics from Sri Lanka were also part of the delegation that had landed at Kushinagar on the inaugural flight from Colombo. Exposition of Buddha’s relics in each other’s countries is an important component of Buddhist ties.

The Kapilvastu relics have been taken out of India only six times in the past. Rijiju said Mongolia and India look upon each other as spiritual and cultural neighbours and “Mongolia can also be said to be our ‘Third Neighbour’, even though we don’t enjoy any common physical boundaries”.

Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry G.Yondon received authorities of the Russian ‘Azot’ company, a supplier of nitrogen fertilizers.

At the outset of the meeting, the delegates thanked the Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry of Mongolia for taking immediate action when the ban was imposed on exporters by the decision of the Russian Government in 2021.

As a result, in the first half of this year, a supply of the main raw materials for the production of explosive substances to Mongolia has remained stable without disruption.

SBU Azot is one of the largest producers of nitrogen fertilizers in Russia. The Company’s plants manufacture nitrogen products for industrial and agricultural clients, and petrochemicals. The Company is a key player on the domestic nitrogen market and sells its products in over 40 countries worldwide. In addition, the company is the largest supplier of more than 80 percent of Mongolia's nitrogen fertilizer consumption for the mining and agricultural sectors.

During the meeting, the parties exchanged views on stabilizing the import of raw materials for the production of explosives in the mining sector in the second half of this year, taking into account changes in prices on the world market, strengthening mutually beneficial cooperation and supplying new products to customers.

Mongolia will hold an international motorsports festival entitled the “Steppe wind” on 11 June .

The annual festival was canceled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The competition is expected to take place under the motto “Healthy People – Alcohol-Free Mongolia”.

The festival is of great importance for the development of special interest tourism, promoting Mongolia internationally and attracting more tourists.

Hundreds of motorcyclists from all 21 provinces of Mongolia and other countries including Russia, India and Japan are expected to participate in the festival.

LONDON/SYDNEY, June 8 (Reuters) - A top official at the giant Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mining project in Mongolia has called for greater transparency and more power to the local management, as global miner Rio Tinto (RIO.AX), (RIO.L) looks to buy out the troubled project.

Mongolia owns 34% of Oyu Tolgoi, one of the world's largest-known copper and gold deposits in the Gobi desert, and Rio controls the rest through its 51% stake in Toronto-listed Turquoise Hill Resources (TRQ.TO).

Rio Tinto and the Mongolian government in January reached an agreement to end a long-running dispute over a $6.75-billion expansion of the mine which is behind schedule and has run $1.4 billion over budget. Rio waived $2.4 billion in debt that the government owed to it.

Soon after, Rio proposed to buy out the remaining Turquoise Hill stake for about $2.7 billion, paving the way to direct ownership of Oyu Tolgoi.

"As a shareholder of Oyu Tolgoi, we are asking Rio Tinto that this project be transparent and have a proper management structure and without that it doesn't matter who owns the shares," said Tserenbat Namsrai, chief executive of Erdenes Oyu Tolgoi LLC, the Mongolian state-owned firm.

"If Rio succeeds in its bid to buy Turquoise Hill it is good for us because the decision making will be shortened, this is the good side (of the deal)."

Speaking to Reuters in an interview, Nagi Otgonshar, Mongolia's vice minister at the Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry said they were observing and internally evaluating the outcome of Rio's buyout offer.

"At the end of the day, we ask Rio Tinto to be transparent ... previously not enough information has been shared with the government of Mongolia," Otgonshar said.

"This is a heavily scrutinized project by the public and being able to share that information with the people of Mongolia is crucial," he added.

"We think copper is the future and we would like to be one of the top players to attract more investors and OT paves the road for further investments," he said.

Namsrai said discussions were now underway to bring forward the production date from the current target of mid-2023.

"With the write-off of the $2.4 billion loan the shareholding issue has been resolved and now we are discussing how to improve the Oyu Tolgoi management to shorten the period of sustainable production date," Namsrai said.

To ensure Mongolia makes a profit out of it, more power needs to be handed to the Oyu Tolgoi management team, Namsrai said, without elaborating on how the government would ensure that.

Namsrai said COVID restrictions in Mongolia, the recent lockdowns in China, logistical issues and changes to domestic labour laws meant they could go over budget again.

"The announced budget increase is ...probably likely to go over, although it is difficult to say by how much," Namsrai said.

Reporting by Praveen Menon; Editing by Bernadette Baum

WARSAW, 8 June 2022 — The OSCE Chairman-in-Office (CiO) and Poland’s Minister for Foreign Affairs, Zbigniew Rau, concluded his visit to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia.

In Kazakhstan, Rau met President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the Chairmen of the two chambers of parliament, Maulen Ashimbayev and Yerlan Koshanov, and the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Akan Rakhmetullin. Minister Zbigniew Rau also talked with Human Rights Commissioner Elvira Azimova and civil society representatives.

During the talks, Minister Rau reaffirmed the OSCE’s support for the ongoing reforms in Kazakhstan, including the constitutional referendum that took place on 5 June. The head of the Polish MFA emphasized that the OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan is engaged in supporting further reforms of the police and the judiciary, local governments, and strengthening the institution of the Human Rights Commissioner.

“The reform programme by the president of Kazakhstan includes at all its stages crucial improvements related to human rights, civil liberties and institutional responsibilities, in line with OSCE commitments,” said Minister Rau. He added that a concrete example of these are amendments to the constitution put forward for a nationwide referendum held last Sunday. Moreover, the head of the Polish MFA discussed the dynamic security situation in Central Asia.

In Uzbekistan, Minister Rau talked with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, the Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs Vladimir Norov, the Chairwoman of the Senate, Tanzila Narbayeva and the First Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Parliament Akmal Saidov.

The chief of Polish diplomacy emphasized the positive contribution of the OSCE to efforts related to the implementation of President Mirziyoyev’s reform agenda in Uzbekistan. He also presented ideas on how to strengthen the involvement in the region. He encouraged the consolidation of dialogue between government and civil society and the further promotion of human rights.

“Uzbekistan's ties with the OSCE have a long tradition. The OSCE highly values Uzbekistan as an active member of the Organization since 1992. On the 30th anniversary of the accession of Central Asian countries to the OSCE, I would like to confirm the OSCE’s continued support for Uzbekistan and declare my readiness to further strengthen this co-operation and consolidate partner relations,” emphasized Minister Rau. He also thanked his interlocutors for their promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan, building trust and good neighborly relations in the region, as well as solidarity with the most vulnerable. Support to the civilian population is one of the priorities of the Polish OSCE Chairmanship.

During his visit to Mongolia, the OSCE CiO met with Mongolia’s President Uchnaagijn Chürelsüch and Foreign Minister Battsetseg Batmunkh.

Poland’s chief diplomat emphasized that the OSCE recognizes Mongolia’s political and constitutional reform processes, which include substantial achievements in the areas of human rights, civil liberties, as well, as institutional responsibilities in line with the OSCE commitments. He encouraged the country to enhance co-operation with the Organization and to benefit from its potential of supporting the government in implementing further reforms.

While congratulating Mongolia on the tenth anniversary of its participation in the OSCE, Minister Rau noted that the current turbulence undermining the region’s stability makes it even more important for all participating States of the Organization to act together for the sake of peace and security.

Ulaanbaatar: A late Oday Dabbagh penalty saw Palestine secure a narrow 1-0 win over Mongolia in their opening AFC Asian Cup 2023™ Qualifiers Final Round match at the MFF Stadium on Wednesday.

Following a largely uneventful first 45 minutes, Palestine sprung into life after the interval and missed several chances of note early in the second half before substitute Dabbagh ultimately wrapped up a hard-earned three points from the spot seven minutes from time.

The match marked both sides’ first competitive game of the year with Palestine last turning out at the FIFA Arab Cup™ at the end of 2021 and hosts Mongolia – who did play a pair of friendlies against Laos and Bangladesh in March – taking to the pitch a year and a day after stunning Kyrgyz Republic 1-0 in the previous round of qualifiers.

Looking to advance to their third consecutive AFC Asian Cup, Palestine started the brighter of the sides and had their first chance of note in the 10th minute when Mahmoud Wadi headed Tamer Seyam’s corner from the right straight at goalkeeper Munkh-Erdene Enkhtaivan.

Palestine controlled the majority of possession in the first half but, with star forward Dabbagh left on the bench, struggled to find a spark up front as a resolute Mongolia remained firm at the back before starting to offer more of an attacking threat as the half wore on.

The Palestinians came out full of intent after the interval and came close in the 52nd minute when captain Seyam’s cross found Saleh Chihadeh, who laid the ball back for substitute Mohammed Rashid to fire just wide.

The same trio combined less than a minute later when the lively Rashid’s cross was flicked on by Seyam and then headed over by Chihadeh as Mongolia held out once more.

Portugal-based Dabbagh, scorer of four goals in the previous round of qualifiers, was introduced midway through the second half as Palestine sought to make their dominance count.

Seyam had another sight on goal with just over 15 minutes to play after being picked out by Mahmour Abuwarda but chose the tricky option of trying to chip Enkhtaivan and saw his effort from 10 yards comfortably held by the custodian.

A shot from distance from Yaser Hamed called the goalkeeper into action once more soon after but yet again he was equal to the challenge as Mongolia continued to frustrate the Palestinian frontline.

Then with 10 minutes to play substitute Bader Mousa missed the best chance of the game when, unmarked in the centre, he headed Abuwarda’s inch-perfect delivery over the crossbar.

But in the 83rd minute Palestine were awarded a penalty after Munkh-Orgil Orkhon was adjudged to have handled Seyam’s delivery from the byline and Dabbagh duly converted into the bottom left corner two minutes later to hand Palestine all three points.

With the earlier Group B game between Philippines and Yemen ending goalless, Palestine move to the top of the standings, with Mongolia the only team without a point after the opening round of fixtures.

The teams will return for their second games on Saturday, when Palestine take on West Asian rivals Yemen and Mongolia face Philippines.

In the age of green capitalism copper is the “new oil.” Since Mongolia has plenty of it, the country’s ruling class has initiated a violent transition that brings the precarious existence of nomads to the fore – and thus a starting point for common struggles against the economic-ecological complex, as Shuree Sarantuya shows in her text to the BG series “After Extractivism.”

Urban people are becoming homeless, houseless, and stateless, while the non-sedentary population modernizes to establish economic security. Forced and voluntary transition of both de- and re-nomadization occurred through violent urbanization, for the price ofthe comfort of modern living, capitalism-induced environmental catastrophes, and sedentary war-mongering of bordering resources. The “savage” metropolitans hurry to sign up for deals without reading its terms and conditions. Simultaneously, the urban poor are re-wilding in the parking lots, underneath a bridge, or between the highways.

During a student exchange program in Shanghai, a cashier at a convenience store was curious about my nationality; when I explained that I am a Mongolian, she asked why “we are nowadays so many, so suddenly.” According to the International Organization for Migration, “every eleventh Mongolian live abroad for economic reasons.” If one can, they would study, live, and work abroad, like I was privileged enough to do so. However, the immobile city Mongols voice their frustration via a “pop-up youth protest” or full-blown “riots” on their present economic issues. Most of Mongolia’s financial success comes from companies that venture into “trades and services or mining and quarrying.” Yet the entire nation cannot comprehend its struggles and is not able to produce solutions on its own.

Sedentarism by labor extractivism

During the “political repression,” Mongolia lost almost 3% of its population, predominantly Buddhist monks. This number does not include those who fled to China and Russia, missing or changed their identity and those sent to Gulags. By becoming a satellite state of the USSR, Outer Mongolia (State of Mongolia) secured its independence from China, which engulfed Inner Mongolia (Autonomous Region of China). Officially, Mongolia was “never part of the Soviet Union,” yet one will frequently hear “we” in the capital when talking about Stalin’s Soviet Union and Putin’s Russia. Repression as an instrument of sedentarization was remarkably effective. Shortly everyone appeared to unite under the promise of a modern nation. In the contemporary stance, non-sedentary people are regarded as “Mowgli” to be rescued by someone from a jungle of savageness and beastliness. By pinpointing who is not suited to join, the majority can rush to the town where everyone is the same and equal to an actual modern human.

The capital city Ulaanbaatar, built by the brotherhood of the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic, is where residents settled shoulder to shoulder. Inside the contemporary metropolis – mixed with soviet “Khrushchyovka” – the city inhabitants call themselves “we” and look down onto the “they” which lives in the overgrowing slum surrounding the city center. “Yurt District” is an organically emerging sedentary settlement of nomadic individuals who permanently choose to be immobile but cannot access housing. Slum-dwellers came in forced and voluntarily because the rest of the country is not altogether metropolitan. Today, semi-nomadic herders are still living in the wilderness and are pushed to sedentarize due to the exclusion of modern essentials such as secure income, education, and health care.

In the recent decade, extreme weather events are occurring increasingly and interrupting the intricate ecosystem of the land. “Over exhausting grazing land from cashmere goats” favored mono-livestock herding, resulting in devastating grassland desertification. The rest of the world offered the last nomads of Mongolia only two options. Either immobile by a property – Ulaanbaatar’s dream is to possess a house or apartment. Or immobile by security – occupation in trade and service or mining and quarrying.

Sedentarism by copper extractivism

Before I left Mongolia, a few of my acquaintances in their mid-twenties moved to South Gobi to work for the recently opened copper mine “Oyu Tolgoi” due to a scarcity of well-paid job opportunities in the capital. By working in the mine, the employee acquires a stable income, the possibility to take courses for further education, daily meals plus takeouts, company housing, and even an auto. Since the surrounding area is middle of nowhere except for a few sedentary towns, other mines, wild animals, and nomadic herders, the campus of the copper mine is a true Shangri-la. According to the biggest shareholder, “Rio Tinto”: “Oyu Tolgoi is the largest human-made construction built in Mongolia. It is also the biggest known copper and gold deposit in the world.” The entire country hopes to be someday the next Saudi Arabia since copper is the “new oil” in the era of “green capitalism.” As the world’s wealthy demand green living, developing countries go under “solid” extractivism with “liquid” investors that promise “long-term” cooperation. Particularly in the case of mining, there is never longevity as all mines perish of old age.

In the course of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the ‘inflation’ in Mongolia has taken a toll on the “we” and “they” of Ulaanbaatar. Be it sustenance, energy, or pharmaceutical – 21st century Mongols are entirely dependent on their two borders being open. Besides having rich metals and minerals underneath, Mongolia has “twenty-three times” more livestock than its three million human occupants. People might even say that livestock has a better life than humans because it has security for at least food and water. Nonetheless, in the city, the price of groceries is at the point of not being able to afford them. As of June 2022, one liter of packaged milk costs approximately 1.10 Euro in a supermarket in Ulaanbaatar, the exactitem can be bought in Germany cheaper.

How can a country with millions of livestock experience food insecurity of such epic proportions? From a colonial to colonized, feudal to socialist, nomadic to capitalist country, from 20th to 21st century: Mongolia is in perpetual lateness and in great hurry. Young adults of Mongolia also received only two alternatives to reach Western “modernity” – either relocate to another country or wait until it catches up. The copper mine is a “temple” of the hopes and dreams of those who could not leave Mongolia. Metal and mineral ores are tucked away under the earth’s crust, ignored or forgotten by the nomads for centuries. Once they stopped and looked at their land, they only noticed wealth and richness that needed to be extracted by somebody.

Re-wilding after extractivism

From Chloe Zhao’s 2020 film “Nomad land” (adapted from a book by Jessica Bruder that shares the same title), we can experience the Western transition from “solid to liquid modernity,” resulting in poverty-driven re-nomadization of sedentary people. Re-nomads are only houseless, not homeless, due to access to mobility and a moveable space. For easterners, affordable housing is worrisome in heavily populated metropolises expanding violently. Beijing “rat tribes” dwell in the old bomb shelters; in South Korea, there is tiny housing “gosiwon,” and in Japan “doya-gai” slum lodge for men. While the nomads are rushing to toss their tent homes on fire, the rest of East Asia cramped up in urban settlements with no way of re-wilding.

For nomads, home is the native land, and a house is not more than a shelter – “a Yurt or a Teepee.” As the partially urbanized Mongolia is busy trying to catch up with modernity and its latest update, no one sees warning signs of the future. Because of the rush, nomadic people went through a transition. Some became “techno-nomads.” These new nomads are equipped with the latest devices, living self-sufficient via clean energy, and living off the grid without getting disconnected. Furthermore, most significantly, the birth of the “techno-nomads” is a direct outcome of the abnormality of its territorial extremities, such as size, climate, and landscape, that preserves the land from adapting altogether non-natural environment.

Today, economically inferior but resourcefully rich countries are waving their hands to invite the old sedentary nations that depleted their resources by becoming wealthy. The expansion of mono-culture economies in third-world countries signified the elimination of intergenerational security. Territories are utilized, disposed, and re-habilitated from the sedentary viewpoint. This one-dimensionality projects a mono-civilization that acquires its primary resources from parasitic extractivism.

Anglo-Australian company “Rio Tinto operates in thirty-five countries” – from diamond to aluminum, from South Africa to Canada. Most of its mines and smelters employ ethnic minorities, Indigenous – first nation – Aboriginal, and nomadic people. For them a stable economy means entitlement to their land rights, conservation of the cultural heritage sites or wildlife, attracting back the youth or migrated population, and having long-term security in their communities. While the final sedentarization of the nomads finishes, simultaneously the rest of the world undergoes forced and voluntary nomadism. When do we tell the people who just spent the last two generations urbanizing that this is a dead-end and we must turn around?

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This text is a contribution to the Berliner Gazette’s “After Extractivism” text series; its English version is available on Berliner Gazette. You can find more contents on the English-language “After Extractivism” website. Have a look here: https://after-extractivism.berlinergazette.de

Shuree Sarantuya

Shuree Sarantuya is an artist and activist living in Cologne since 2019. She was born and raised in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. After completing her bachelor's degree with a focus on film and broadcasting director in 2016 at the Mongolian State University of Arts and Culture, she is currently studying media arts at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne. Most of her work deals with ethnic minorities, the last nomadic tribes and indigenous peoples in North, East, and Central Asia. Her work is based on extensive research that leads into an experimental practice in which she uses diverse media to depict the constant transition/migration of a nomadic household to a sedentary lifestyle due to the demands of the current capitalist system.