Orsted AS, a company better known for producing electricity from wind, stopped buying Russian coal and biomass for its power stations after President Vladimir Putin invaded Ukraine.

The world’s top offshore wind developer will also ensure that Russian companies aren’t direct suppliers to the construction of its renewable energy projects, according to a statement on its website on Sunday. The Danish company is also not signing any new contracts with Russian firms.

Orsted’s announcement follows a similar move by Swedish energy giant Vattenfall AB, which last week said it had suspended orders of Russian uranium and nuclear fuel. While some companies have started to halt purchases of a few commodities in a largely symbolic move, energy firms continue to buy Russian natural gas, and if anything orders have increased after the conflict started.

“Shortfalls in gas supplies will, as opposed to stopping the supply of other types of products, have severe human and societal consequences and therefore need to be coordinated at EU and national levels rather than decided by individual companies,” said Orsted Chief Executive Officer Mads Nipper. “Therefore, the dependency on Russian gas and any ban on import of gas from Russia need to be decided and enforced by clear political sanctions.”

Western nations agreed to impose new sanctions to further isolate Russia’s economy and financial system after initial penalties failed to persuade Putin to withdraw his forces from Ukraine. But the decision to penalize Russia’s central bank and exclude some lenders from the SWIFT messaging system, used for trillions of dollars worth of transactions around the world, excludes energy.

Orsted has nine power and heat plants in Denmark, some of which still use gas and coal as either main or backup fuels. The company also purchases wood chips, and wood pellets to feed some facilities, and it runs a waste-to-energy plant in the U.K. that recycles metals and plastics.

“All potential EU or national sanctions impacting the gas supply will be fully supported and immediately executed,” Nipper said.

(By Elena Mazneva)

Elixir Energy Ltd (ASX:EXR) has released an update on its coal-bed methane (CBM) exploration and appraisal program underway across its fully-owned Nomgon IX Coal CBM production sharing contract in Mongolia.

The company started 2022 with the spudding of the Tim-1S exploration well over the weekend.

First well spudded

The well is south of the Tavan Tolgoi coal mining area in a location where the company has mapped a potential coal-bearing depocentre.

This well targets Jurassic and Permian coals and has a planned total depth of around 700 metres.

Tim-1S will be the first well in a planned 24-well program for the year, for which Elixir will engage three drilling companies.

The usual mandatory annual regulatory processes have been undertaken in the middle of the region’s winter period and are now close to completion.

Extended pilot production program

A key focus for 2022 is the two-well extended pilot production program scheduled to commence drilling in the middle of the year, with an up-to-six-month fluid pumping program thereafter.

Preparations for this are on track and various long lead items are making their way to Mongolia.

A successful pilot will affirm commercial gas flows and facilitate the company’s planned gas-fired generation project in the Nomgon area.

“This year, we are conducting the largest program we have ever undertaken in Mongolia and we look forward to continued success on both the exploration and pilot fronts,” managing director Neil Young said.

"Notwithstanding international events in Eastern Europe, we pleased to see that its business as usual in Mongolia.”

Australian iron ore magnate Andrew Forrest, who’s been betting big on a global green revolution, said on Sunday he was investing A$3 billion ($2.2 billion) in renewable energy in central Queensland.

Forrest, Australia’s richest man, said his company Squadron Energy has acquired the two-stage Clarke Creek project – a wind, solar and battery farm development – with contracts already issued for the immediate start of construction.

“We are investing in Clarke Creek not only to harness the renewable power of the wind and sun to energise our homes, our factories and our cities, but as a critical step towards breaking our reliance on fossil fuels,” Forrest said in a statement.

Forrest has said he wants to turn Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, of which he is chairman, into the world’s biggest green energy group.

Stage one of the Clarke Wind project is anticipated to be fully operational in 2024. Stage two could come online in 2026, Forrest said.

When completed, the project could produce enough wind, solar and battery energy to power more than 660,000 homes, or 40% of Queensland households, Forrest said in the statement.

($1 = 1.3827 Australian dollars)

(By Sonali Paul and Lidia Kelly; Editing by Tom Hogue)

BP is to offload its 19.75% stake in Russian state-owned oil firm Rosneft after Russia's "act of aggression in Ukraine".

The oil giant had come under pressure from the UK government to make the move since Thursday's invasion.

It has held the shareholding in the Russian company since 2013.

Meanwhile, Norwegian energy giant Equinor says it will start the process of divesting from its joint ventures in Russia.

BP chief executive Bernard Looney has resigned "with immediate effect" from the Rosneft board, as has fellow BP-nominated director Bob Dudley.

Rosneft said thirty years of successful cooperation had been ruined and blamed BP's decision on "unprecedented political pressure", according to reports from Russian news agencies.

Mr Looney had been on the Rosneft board since 2020, alongside its chairman Igor Sechin, who is a close friend and ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The PA News agency reported Mr Looney was in Russia as recently as October, when he appeared on a panel with Mr Putin, which he later described as a "privilege".

Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng spoke to the BP boss on Friday and left him in "no doubt about the seriousness of government concerns about BP's overexposure to Russian interests" according to an official.

BP chairman Helge Lund said that, while BP had operated in Russia for more than 30 years and had "brilliant Russian colleagues", Russia's attack on Ukraine was "having tragic consequences across the region" and represented a fundamental change.

"It has led the BP board to conclude, after a thorough process, that our involvement with Rosneft, a state-owned enterprise, simply cannot continue."

BP's share in Russian state oil giant Rosneft has long felt uncomfortable; this week under heavy political pressure it became untenable.

The chairman of Rosneft, Igor Sechin, is a close ally of President Putin. Rosneft supplies fuel to the Russian army.

Immediately offloading the stake to a potentially inappropriate buyer was not an option.

The company has decided to "divest" - meaning it will sever its financial ties with Rosneft, stop taking a dividend and step back from its two seats on the board.

Company officials say it is too soon to say exactly how this stake will be disposed of.

It could potentially be seized, or sold.

It will mean a significant financial hit, but a price BP had little choice but to pay.

Mr Looney said that he had been "deeply shocked and saddened" by the situation in Ukraine and it had caused BP to fundamentally rethink its position with Rosneft.

"I am convinced that the decisions we have taken as a board are not only the right thing to do, but are also in the long-term interests of BP," he said.

Mr Kwarteng welcomed the move, saying: "Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine must be a wake-up call for British businesses with commercial interests in Putin's Russia."

BP's latest annual results, published two weeks ago, revealed Rosneft accounted for $2.7bn (£2bn) of its profits, about a fifth of its total.

The multinational, which has its headquarters in London, admitted last year that sanctions on Russia could be problematic for its business and the relinquishing of the Rosneft stake comes after western countries imposed a series of economic sanctions on Russia - including several banks being excluded from the Swift international payment system.

BP said it is too early to say how or to whom its stake in Rosneft will be offloaded. The firm will pay a $11bn charge when it writes off foreign exchange losses that have accumulated over the last few years and another charge relating to the value of its stake.

Rosneft has been under sanctions from the US and EU since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014.

On Monday, Norwegian energy group Equinor became the second major European oil and gas producer to announce its exit from Russia, as it said it would begin the process of divesting from its joint ventures in the country.

"In the current situation, we regard our position as untenable," Equinor's chief executive Anders Opedal said in a statement.

It came after Norway's $1.3 trillion (£970bn) sovereign wealth fund, which is the world's largest, also announced on Sunday that it would freeze and divest its Russian assets.

"We have decided to freeze the fund's investments and have begun a process of selling out," Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere said.

The fund's Russian assets were worth $2.83bn (£2.11bn) at the end of 2021. It is the fourth largest shareholder in Russian bank Sberbank and has stakes in Russian energy firms Gazprom and Lukoil.

Oil prices surged past $100 (£74) a barrel to hit their highest level for more than seven years after Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine.

The shipping firms FedEx and UPS have also suspended all their services in and out of Russia. United Parcel Service Inc. (UPS) said that packages in transit to Ukraine and Russia will be returned to their senders for no additional cost where possible.

The Ministry of Health reported today that 166 СOVID-19 cases were recorded in the last 24 hours nationwide. In detail, 111 cases were reported in Ulaanbaatar city, with 55 cases in 21 provinces.

Currently, there are 2,587 people are receiving hospital treatment for COVID-19 whilst 8,430 people with mild symptoms are being treated at home. Of the total patients currently undergoing treatment at hospitals, there are 217 patients in critical and 36 in very critical conditions.

Feb. 27 (Xinhua) -- Mongolia registered 320 new COVID-19 cases over the past 24 hours, bringing the national tally to 465,104, the country's health ministry said Sunday.

Meanwhile, one more COVID-19 patient in her 60s died in the past day, bringing the death toll to 2,096, said the ministry.

As of Sunday, 2,676 COVID-19 patients are being treated in hospitals, while 9,457 others are receiving home-based care, according to the ministry.

So far, 66.8 percent of the country's 3.4 million people have received two COVID-19 vaccine doses, while more than 1 million people over 18 received a third shot.

In addition, more than 102,600 people have received a fourth shot.

China's development will benefit its neighbors as well as the whole world, Mongolian Foreign Minister Batmunkh Battsetseg told Xinhua in a recent interview.

"Today, China is developing rapidly, the livelihood of its people is improving day by day," said Battsetseg. "As a neighboring country, Mongolia has always applauded the achievements of the Chinese people."

"I am confident that China's development will benefit its neighbors, regional countries and the world," she said.

The Chinese government has made a significant contribution to overcoming the most difficult time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia by providing much-needed vaccines, drugs and medical supplies, said Battsetseg.

"It is important that our two peoples sincerely support each other in this difficult time," she said. "The young people of the two countries have exchanged words of encouragement on social media, which is an important expression of mutual understanding between the two peoples."

The foreign minister also spoke highly of China's dynamic zero-COVID policy, which "has been a major factor in reducing the spread of the coronavirus around the world."

Praising the good organization of the Beijing Winter Olympics, she said that as a neighbor with a comprehensive strategic partnership, Mongolia has consistently supported any efforts by China to successfully host the Games.

Mongolian Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene became one of the first foreign leaders to express willingness to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games in person, Battsetseg said, adding that the prime minister has clearly said that the Olympic Games, a symbol of the unity of humanity and peace, should not be politicized in any way.

The Chinese government, with the warm support of its people, has successfully hosted the Winter Olympics, giving hope and encouragement to the world as it fights the pandemic, Battsetseg said.

"I am impressed by the solution to provide solar and wind energy for the infrastructure of the Olympic Villages. The combination of renewable energy and green technology in the use of the latest scientific and technological advances is unique," she said.

During his visit to China to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics, Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene and Chinese leaders exchanged views on a wide range of issues, Battsetseg said.

She added that the two governments issued a joint statement to strengthen bilateral cooperation, including intensifying development projects and programs and strengthening cooperation in trade, investment, finance, energy, telecommunications, infrastructure and green development after the pandemic.

Oyun-Erdene's visit to China has been important in strengthening high-level mutual understanding on bilateral relations and cooperation, bringing cooperation to a new level, and advancing major trade and economic projects, the foreign minister noted.

The two countries should make full use of the mechanisms of bilateral cooperation and enhance their coordination between the relevant organizations in order to promptly implement the issues agreed during the visit and advance major joint projects and infrastructure construction.

Mongolia will establish a working group consisting of representatives of the parties involved to promote the coordination with China, said Battsetseg.

In order to normalize the operation of the border checkpoints, the Mongolian side also plans to improve its organizational work and anti-pandemic measures, she said.

Despite the difficult circumstances caused by the pandemic, Mongolia and China still worked closely together to promote bilateral trade and economic cooperation, said Battsetseg.

Meanwhile, in addition to strengthening bilateral cooperation in traditional sectors such as trade, economy, culture and humanitarian ties, Mongolia and China need to work together to protect the environment, especially in the fight against desertification.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues in the world and there is great potential to intensify bilateral cooperation in combating desertification and yellow dust storms, she said, adding that leaders of the two countries have paid special attention to this issue and regularly exchanged views during their talks.

Battsetseg expressed confidence that after the pandemic, the two sides will make joint efforts to intensify bilateral cooperation in all fields, focus on the implementation of the consensus of the two countries' leaders and support each other.

Fitch Ratings has revised the rating Outlook on coal producer Mongolian Mining Corporation (MMC) to Negative from Stable, and affirmed the Long-Term Foreign-Currency Issuer Default Rating (IDR) at ‘B’.

Fitch has also affirmed MMC’s USD440 million 9.25% senior unsecured notes due 2024 at ‘B’ with Recovering Rating ‘RR4’. The notes are co-issued by MMC and its wholly owned subsidiary, Energy Resources LLC (ER), and guaranteed by most of MMC’s operating subsidiaries.

The Negative Outlook reflects the uncertainty about MMC’s business recovery due to periodic restrictions at the border with China to contain the spread of Covid-19. We expect the prolonged border disruptions in 2021 to have caused MMC’s credit metrics to deteriorate from 2020 levels. Border traffic remains restricted at the moment, but the company expects the curb to be lifted soon. However, the credit metrics could remain weak if there is no clear recovery in border traffic.

MMC’s rating is constrained by its small scale, single-product focus on hard coking coal and limited cost competitiveness outside of northern China, its main market. However, MMC has flexibility in capex, which should provide a sufficient buffer to continue generating free cash flow (FCF) during business downturns.

KEY RATING DRIVERS

Capex Flexibility: MMC estimates its minimum sustaining capex, mostly for regular maintenance of its mines, mining fleets and coal-hauling trucks, will be around USD2 million in 2022 and USD5 million in 2023. MMC capitalises some of its stripping cost when stripping of the mine results in long-term benefits. The capitalised stripping capex is likely to be USD18 million-70 million a year in 2022-2023. Stripping cost is related to mining volume, therefore MMC can decrease stripping cost during a business downturn.

Moderate Financial Profile: MMC’s financial and liquidity profile is commensurate with its rating. MMC’s funds from operations (FFO) net leverage and net debt to EBITDA ratios exceeded our negative triggers in 2020 and we expect these ratios to remain higher than the negative triggers in 2021. However, MMC’s credit metrics should improve significantly if the border with China opens up in line with our expectation from 2Q22, while demand remains steady and average selling prices are strong.

We expect MMC to have sufficient liquidity in the short term. MMC has USD15 million of senior notes and USD41 million of coupon payments due in 2022. We expect the company to have enough operating cash to settle these payments. MMC also has USD39 million in committed unused bank facilities available.

Border Disruptions, Operating Uncertainties: Traffic at the border between Mongolia and China was disrupted several times in 2021, which is likely to have reduced MMC’s sales volume for the year. We estimate 2021 washed coking coal sales fell to 1.2 million tonnes, a sharp drop from 3.5 million tonnes in 2020.

Before the Covid-19 outbreak, MMC’s average daily throughput to China was around 700 trucks, but this fell to around 500 trucks in 2020 and around 200 trucks in 2021. Current average daily throughput is capped at around 100 trucks per day. MMC expects the border restrictions to be resolved by end-March 2022 and throughput to rise to 500 trucks in 2Q22, then improve to pre-pandemic levels in 2H22. However, the restrictions may continue or throughput may not increase as quickly as we expect, leading to uncertainty over a business recovery in 2022.

Small Scale, Single Product: MMC is small compared with Fitch-rated coal miners globally in terms of revenue. We expect MMC’s revenue to have decreased by more than 50% in 2021 (2020: USD417 million). Hard coking coal accounted for over 90% of MMC’s total revenue in 2020. The latest coal reserve statements show pro forma total run-of-mine coal reserves of 478 million tonnes, giving MMC a reserve life of 30-35 years. MMC’s small scale and product concentration constrain its business profile to the ‘B’ rating category.

Limited Cost Advantage: MMC’s cash cost is in the 1st quartile of the global coking-coal cost curve, but its cost advantage is only in the northern part of China due to the proximity of its mines to steel mills in that area. MMC’s transportation cost by land to its Chinese customers is around USD25 per tonne on average, which limits its cost competitiveness and puts MMC in the higher quartiles of the global coking-coal cost curve. Delivery beyond northern China would raise costs, leaving MMC with customers that are mainly in northern China.

DERIVATION SUMMARY

Compared to rated coal producers such as Yankuang Energy Group Company Limited (BB+/Stable) and PT Golden Energy Mines Tbk (GEMS, B+/Stable), MMC is much smaller in scale in terms of revenues. Yankuang Energy is around 25 times larger than MMC while GEMS is over 2 times larger. However, MMC has a similar EBITDA margin as Yankuang Energy and a higher margin than GEM.

MMC is a single product coal miner, similar to its peers. MMC’s present operational profile in terms of mine life is strong when compared to Geo Energy Resources Limited (CCC+), which has a mine life of less than 10 years, and similar to that of PT Golden Energy Mines, which has a mine life of over 25 years.

MMC’s leverage and financial flexibility profile is weaker than that of GEMS. GEMS has better FCF generation ability, much lower leverage and well-distributed amortising debt. MMC’s FCF generation has been weakened by the border disruptions, which resulted in higher-than-expected leverage. MMC’s debt structure is less smooth with bullet payments.

(The opinions expressed here are those of the author, Clyde Russell, a columnist for Reuters.)

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine will disrupt the global movement of energy commodities, even if Western powers don’t impose sanctions on exports from Russia.

So far none of the retaliatory measures against Moscow have been targeted at exports of crude oil, coal or natural gas, the latter either by pipeline or by ships as liquefied natural gas (LNG).

That’s perhaps tacit acknowledgment of Russia’s importance to the global supply of these commodities, and especially with regard to natural gas, with Russia meeting about 40% of Europe’s annual demand.

But even if the United States, Europe and other allied nations such as Japan and South Korea decide not to impose measures against Russia’s energy exports, it’s likely that private companies will effectively do it for them.

The risks of doing business with Russia will become too much for many companies to bear, even without sanctions.

A clear illustration of this was reports that a coal bulk vessel chartered by commodity trading house Cargill was struck by a shell in the Black Sea in Ukrainian waters on Thursday, just hours after Russia launched a widespread attack on its neighbour.

Very few trading, shipping and insurance companies will be prepared to take the risk of dealing with cargoes from Russia, fearing either physical attack, payment issues because of financial sanctions, the risk of non-delivery if further measures are enacted against Russia, and even public and investor backlash for continuing to do business with a country now largely viewed as conducting an illegal war.

So, how does this play out in the real world of commodity trading?

The first point is that this is likely to be a long, drawn out process that lasts for months, if not years.

Russian energy commodity exports will likely continue for some time pretty much as they are, but will then start to change.

Russia's biggest oil customer - Reuters Graphics

Crude

Russia supplied about 2.66 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude via the seaborne market to Europe in February, according to Refinitiv Oil Research data, and it regularly ships more than 2 million bpd a month.

European refiners will now be reluctant to buy Russian crude, and it’s likely that the main Urals grade will have to be offered at very steep discounts to find any buyers.

Already Urals differentials hit an all-time low, dropping to a discount of $11 a barrel on Thursday as buying interest in northwest Europe evaporated.

Who will be prepared to buy Urals crude? The obvious answer is China, which has so far indicated that it won’t join any sanctions against Russia.

But for Urals to go to China it would have to undertake a long sea voyage through the Suez Canal or around the Cape of Good Hope, adding to the cost of transportation.

This means Chinese refiners are likely to demand even bigger discounts in order to take Urals cargoes, and even then, it’s unlikely that they would take even close to the volumes Russia is likely to lose in Europe.

There are other countries that may be tempted by cheap Russian oil, but it’s likely they will come under pressure from Western nations, especially the United States.

Russia also supplies crude oil to Asia, with the ESPO grade being sought after, especially by Chinese independent refiners.

Russia exported 1.29 million bpd of seaborne crude to Asia in February, according to Refinitiv, with the bulk of it, about 718,000 bpd, heading to China.

But that still leaves about 572,000 bpd of Russian crude that went to other Asian buyers, including some 126,000 bpd to Japan and 355,000 bpd to South Korea.

These flows are under threat in coming months, meaning Russia will be looking for new markets, or trying to put more volumes into China.

Conversely, European refiners, as well as those in Japan and South Korea, will be seeking to boost imports from alternative suppliers, and given the current tight nature of the global crude oil market, this is going to be tricky.

It’s likely that pressure will be ramped up on members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to boost output rapidly, and abandon the current output deal they have as part of the wider OPEC+ group, which includes Russia, especially if global benchmark Brent crude futures hold above the $100 a barrel level breached after the invasion of Ukraine on Thursday.

Coal, LNG

Russia also supplies coal to Europe, with Refinitiv pegging February seaborne volumes at 3.27 million tonnes.

Again, this trade is likely to become poisonous for European utilities, meaning they will be scrambling to buy cargoes from the United States, Colombia and South Africa.

This is likely to tighten global seaborne coal markets, especially if Japan, which bought 1.18 million tonnes of Russian coal in January, seeks to buy from other suppliers.

Benchmark Australian thermal coal from Newcastle port was assessed by globalCOAL at $244.29 a tonne on Thursday, up 1.6% from the prior day and well above the $226.39 from last week.

Natural gas is where matters will get difficult for Europe, given its reliance on Russia and the lack of readily available alternatives.

Europe can seek to buy as much LNG as possible, effectively drawing cargoes away from top-importing region Asia, but this will be expensive, as can be seen by the jump in futures based on the Asian JKM price , which surged 28% on Thursday to a two-month high of $37.01 per million British thermal units.

Over time, Europe can buy more LNG from the United States and Qatar, which are currently building substantial new capacity, and they can seek to maximise the continent’s own output, mainly from the North Sea.

Europe can also invest heavily in renewable generation and battery storage, but in the short to medium term the continent is still dependant on Russia, given President Vladimir Putin a lever he can pull if the sanctions, and voluntary cutbacks on commodity trade, start to cause Russia real pain.

(Editing by Richard Pullin)

Recently, the Mongolian government held a meeting and decided to start the construction of the third cross-border railway connecting China and Mongolia, the Zombayin-Hangji Railway. According to the Mongolian plan, the railway has a total length of 269 kilometers, two stations and four crossings. Construction will start on March 10, 2022, and it will be put into use on October 10, 2022. Mongolian Prime Minister Luo Oyun Erden said: "The construction of this railway will open up Mongolia's second export channel."

For now, there is only one China-Mongolia cross-border railway, namely the Zamyn-Uud-Erlian railway; the second Gashunsuhaitu-Ganqimaodu railway has basically been completed and is scheduled to open in July 2022. . However, judging from the current export situation of Mongolian minerals, it largely depends on the Gashunsuhaitu-Ganqimaodu port. As the Mongolian Prime Minister said in his 2022 New Year's message, 2021 will make us more aware of the bitter fact that Mongolia's economy only depends on mining, the national finance only depends on coal, fuel depends on one country, and imports depend on only one port. Obviously, Mongolia is committed to the construction of the Zumbayin-Hangji Railway, which is to open the second export gate of Mongolia.

The reason for this is because the opening of the Zombayin-Hangji Railway will greatly enhance the export capacity of the Hangji (Mandula) port, the second largest mineral product export port in Mongolia, on the one hand; The 1,722-kilometer transportation route from Darkhan and Selenga areas to Zamyn-Uud-Eren-Jining-Hohhot-Baotou will be changed to Shayinshanda-Zongbayin-Hangji-Mandula-Baotou 1404 km. Therefore, the iron ore and coal transportation distance will be shortened by 318 kilometers, and the transportation cost will be reduced by 4-8 US dollars. It can be said that the construction of this railway can not only reduce the transportation cost of raw materials and goods, but also is a construction project that is both environmentally friendly and highly economical.

The main cargo transported by the Zumbayin-Hangji railway will be iron ore, along with a certain amount of other raw materials and products. In addition, 2 to 4 million tons of coking coal and 3 to 5,000 tons of copper concentrate will be exported each year from East Gobi Province, which has proven reserves of about 150 million tons of coal.

In addition, the newly built Zumbayin-Hangji Railway is also capable of transporting 1-6 million tons of oil and 1 million tons of timber from Russia to Baotou, China, 1.5 million tons of goods exported through Hangji Port, Ulaanbaatar The railway network transports 1 million tons of goods to Baotou and Hohhot, and 1 million to 2 million tons of construction materials, metal structures, petroleum products, machinery and equipment, heavy machinery and other materials from Baotou to Zongbayan.

Relevant officials of Mongolia said that the opening of the Zombayin-Hangji railway will not only be another export for Mongolia's mineral resources to open up foreign markets, but also bring more economic contributions to regional development.Editor/Ma Xue