Events
Name | organizer | Where |
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MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK | MBCCI | London UK Goodman LLC |
NEWS

Alibaba's Singles Day sales top $74 billion, planned rules hit shares www.reuters.com
HANGZHOU, China (Reuters) - Alibaba sales for its post-COVID-19 Singles’ Day shopping extravaganza hit $74 billion, a haul that was overshadowed by a 10% drop in its shares on Wednesday after China published draft anti-trust rules aimed at internet platforms.
The world’s biggest sales event - eclipsing Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the United States - spanned 11 days this year, and brought sellers on AliBaba’s platforms 21 times as many orders by value as Amazon.com Inc’s two-day global Prime Day last month.
Such is its size that its performance is widely considered indicative of China’s post-virus economic recovery.
Alibaba rivals JD.com Inc and Pinduoduo Inc as well as firms such as Douyin - the Chinese version of Beijing ByteDance Technology Co Ltd’s TikTok - also held Singles’ Day events.
“Because of COVID-19, many Chinese cannot go overseas,” Vice President Liu Bo told reporters. “This actually stimulates online consumption.”
Alibaba gave shoppers more time to shop this year, setting primary discount days for Nov. 1 through Nov. 3 as well as the usual Nov. 11, and is calculating gross merchandise volume (GMV) over all 11 days.
GMV hit 498.2 billion yuan ($74.1 billion) Alibaba said, as lockdown-weary consumers splashed out on as many as 16 million discounted goods at the event.
JD.com, which started promotions on Nov. 1, said it generated 271.5 billion yuan in trade over the same period.
The performance provided little relief for Alibaba investors as they focused on the proposed anti-monopoly rules that could increase scrutiny on e-commerce marketplaces and payment services.
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd’s Hong Kong-listed shares closed 9.8% down, in line with other Chinese tech giants. The group lost about 10% of its market value last week when regulators scuppered the listing of fintech affiliate Ant Group.
Its New York-listed shares fell 1.3% before recovering slightly to trade 0.9% up by 1756 GMT.
The event, launched in 2009, is usually a glitzy, single-day affair with live performances. Last year, it clocked record GMV of $38.4 billion. This year, U.S. singer Katy Perry appeared at Alibaba’s gala, albeit via livestream.
As well as offering straightforward price cuts, the event allowed shoppers across Alibaba’s platforms to play mobile games for deals, combine purchases across shops and place orders in the sale’s early hours to get the best offers.
Over 340 firms, including Apple Inc, L’Oreal SA and Huawei Technologies Co Ltd [HWT.UL], exceeded 100 million yuan in sales, with 13 brands recording GMV above 1 billion yuan, Alibaba said.
Analysts also expect this year to be a boon for luxury brands, as consumers accustomed to going overseas for high-end goods have been thwarted by coronavirus border closures.
But many shoppers had modest budgets.
A poll of Singles’ Day spending by Sina Entertainment found just 4% of 191,000 respondents planned to splurge over 10,000 yuan, versus 43% who aimed to spend less than 1,000 yuan.
“The consumer and spending data we’ll see coming out of 11.11 will be a terrific way to identify high-potential new products, trending brands and top categories,” said Deborah Weinswig, CEO and Founder of Coresight Research, a global research firm specialising in retail and technology.
To encourage spending, livestreamers thronged pop-up film studios at a building near Alibaba’s Hangzhou headquarters, touting the merits of goods on sale.
Luo Lima estimated she had been on camera promoting maternity products for 24 hours over the course of this year’s sales period, versus six hours on Singles’ Day two years ago.
“We stream continuously for six hours, with no break,” she said. “We start by eating a full meal, and getting in a good state of mind. We also prepare throat lozenges and vitamin drinks.”
Reporting by Josh Horwitz in Hangzhou; Additional reporting by Sophie Yu in Beijing, Ritsuko Ando in Tokyo and Melissa Fares in New York; Writing by Brendah Goh and Emelia Sithole-Matarise; Editing by Edwina Gibbs, Christopher Cushing and Barbara Lewis

Mongolia locks down capital after 1st local virus case www.aa.com.tr
A lockdown has been enforced in Mongolia’s capital after its first locally transmitted coronavirus case was confirmed on Wednesday, local media reported.
Strict restrictions, including suspension of academic activities and movement curbs, will be imposed in Ulaanbaatar for the next three days, state agency Montsame News reported.
The decision was taken after a woman was infected by her husband, a truck driver who was in home isolation after testing positive for COVID-19.
The government has started tracing all the couple’s known contacts, the report said.
All educational institutes, including kindergartens, schools, universities, and training centers, in the capital have been closed, along with public facilities such as theaters, museums, and cinemas.
Vehicular and rail traffic to and from Ulaanbaatar has also been restricted for the next three days.
Authorities also decided to curb cross-border movement, especially with Russia, which is among the world’s hardest-hit countries.
The Altanbulag border checkpoint with Russia will be closed for two months, starting Nov. 16 to Jan. 18, 2021.
Tes, Artssuuri, Ulikhan, Ereentsav, and Borshoo border points are to be closed for an indefinite period from Nov. 16, according to the report.
As of Nov. 11, at least 40 truck drivers who came back from Russia through Altanbulag have tested positive for COVID-19, it added.
Mongolia has registered 382 coronavirus cases so far, with a majority of them being people who traveled overseas.
There has been no virus-related fatality in the country to date.

Mongolia records first local coronavirus transmission www.reuters.com
ULAANBAATAR (Reuters) - Mongolia recorded its first domestic coronavirus transmission on Wednesday following hundreds of imported cases, the country’s health minister said during a briefing.
Minister Munkhsaikhan Togtmol said a woman in Ulaanbaatar had been infected by her husband, a truck driver delivering goods from Russia who tested positive after 21 days in quarantine.
Another 24 people in close contact with the couple have been put in isolation.
Authorities have ordered a three-day lockdown in Ulaanbaatar, with schools also closed. The health ministry urged audience members at a concert attended by the couple to get tested.
Mongolia has earned praise for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
It shut its southern border with China in late January and quickly closed schools and other public places, with officials warning that it did not have the infrastructure to cope with mass infections.
The country has so far reported a total of 376 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and no deaths.
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization, praised Mongolia on Twitter last week for “showing us that by following proven public health advice we can stop this virus from spreading.”

Construction of Tavantolgoi TPP to begin within second quarter of 2021 www.montsame.mn
Ulaanbaatar /MONSTAME/ 50 percent of the state-owned shares of Tavantolgoi Tsakhilgaan Stants (Tavantolgoi Thermal Power Plant) LLC will be held by the Ministry of Energy, 30 percent by Erdenes Tavantolgoi JSC, and 20 percent by the Government Agency for Policy Coordination on State Property.
At its regular meeting on November 11, the Cabinet ordered relevant ministers to commence the construction of the thermal power plant within the second quarter of next year.
According to the amendment to the agreement between the Government of Mongolia and Oyu Tolgoi LLC, construction of the power plant will begin by July 1, 2021, and conclude by December 31, 2024 to supply energy to Oyu Tolgoi project.

Ulaanbaatar placed under 3-day quarantine www.montsame.mn
Ulaanbaatar /MONTSAME/. A truck driver that had been put under home isolation after their 21-day institutional isolation and his spouse have tested positive for the novel coronavirus. Thus, the State Emergency Commission held an urgent meeting and issued the decision to put the capital city under quarantine for 3 days from today, November 11.
During this timeframe, studies are planned to be carried out to discover those that had direct contact with the two individuals. All levels of educational institutions including kindergartens, schools, universities, and training centers will be temporarily closed, and movement on autoroads and railways going in and out of Ulaanbaatar city will be restricted for the 3 days. Public facilities including theaters, museums, cinemas will be closed. Special regulations will also be implemented for public transport in the city.

80.5 percent of combed cashmere exported to Italy www.montsame.mn
Ulaanbaatar/MONTSAME/. According to the General Customs Administration, in the first ten months of this year, Mongolia exported its washed cashmere to China wholly, and 80.5 percent of the combed cashmere to Italy.
The country exported 100 percent of crude oil, iron ore, copper and zinc concentrate, and 95.2 percent of coal to China. Moreover, 4.1 percent of unprocessed or semi-processed gold to the UK, 4.8 percent to Singapore and 91.1 percent to Switzerland. The above goods account for 92.6 percent of total export.

The 737 Max is set to fly again soon. But Boeing's struggle is far from over www.cnn.com
New York (CNN Business)The 737 Max is on the cusp of being approved to carry passengers once again. But Boeing's financial troubles are now much worse than the safety issues that grounded the plane 20 months ago.
The process to recertify the Max, which has taken more than a year longer than Boeing (BA) originally hoped, should be "finished in the coming days," according to a statement Monday by FAA Administrator Steve Dickson.
The grounding began in March 2019 after two crashes killed 346 people. Now Boeing is grappling with the aviation industry's massive downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Boeing announced Tuesday that it had no new orders for any of its commercial planes in October, and that customers canceled 12 existing orders for the Max.
The company also removed 25 Max orders from its backlog due to uncertainty that any carrier would buy them.
So far this year, Boeing has seen 460 canceled orders, and it now classifies another 846 orders as too uncertain to be counted in its order book. Almost all of those lost or uncertain orders were for the Max.
The long delay in getting the Max back into the air has allowed customers to cancel their orders without the typical penalty, said Richard Aboulafia, aerospace analyst for the Teal Group. It also puts airlines in a strong position to renegotiate pricing on their current orders, he said, or any future purchases.
Steve Dickson, administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on a test flight of the 737 Max in September. The plane is expected to be approved to carry passengers within a few days, according to Dickson.
Steve Dickson, administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration on a test flight of the 737 Max in September. The plane is expected to be approved to carry passengers within a few days, according to Dickson.
Hardly any Boeing deliveries were made to its passenger airline customers in October. Boeing gets most of the money from a customer for completing a sale.
Of the 13 commercial planes it delivered in October, only five were passenger jets, with the rest being freighter or military versions of its passenger aircraft. Over the last six months it has delivered only 29 passenger jets, down from 126 in the same period a year ago.
Airlines are trying to conserve and raise their own cash during the current crisis, rather than take delivery of new aircraft that they don't need given their sharply reduced schedules. For example, American Airlines (AAL) announced Tuesday that it would be selling 38.5 million shares to raise cash, following the lead of several other airlines that already have done so.
Boeing has built 450 of the 737 Max jets since the grounding, in anticipation of filling longstanding orders, but cash-strapped airlines have canceled many of those orders.
So an undisclosed number of Max jets will have to be "remarketed" to other carriers, Boeing CFO Greg Smith said on the most recent investor call. Smith did not say how many completed planes have no buyer but he said the need to find new customers and to possibly reconfigure some of the jets will delay some deliveries into 2023.
Bloomberg reported Monday that Southwest (LUV), which owns 34 Max jets, more than any other airline, is in negotiations with Boeing to buy some of those unallocated and completed jets. Neither Boeing nor Southwest commented on the report.
Reports that a Covid-19 vaccine may soon be available has lifted hopes for a rebound in travel. Boeing shares closed up 13.7% on Monday on the vaccine report and were about 5% higher in late day trading Tuesday despite the weak orders and deliveries numbers.
JPMorgan Chase analyst Seth Seifman raised his price target for Boeing shares to $190 from $155 early Tuesday. But he maintained his neutral rating and the new target price was only slightly above Tuesday's market price.
-- CNN's Pete Muntean contributed to this report

Apple launches MacBook laptops powered by its own computing chips www.reuters.com
SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Apple Inc AAPL.O on Tuesday introduced a MacBook Air notebook and other machines with its first central processor designed in-house for Macs, a move that will tie its computers and iPhones closer together technologically.
The new chip, called the M1, marks a shift away from Intel Corp INTC.O technology that has driven the electronic brains of Mac computers for nearly 15 years.
It is a boon for Apple computers, which are overshadowed by the company’s iPhone but still rack up tens of billions of dollars in sales per year. Apple hopes developers now will create families of apps that work on both its computers and phones.
The MacBook Air will start at $999 (£754), the same as its predecessor, and have up to twice the battery life, Apple said. The M1 will also power the MacBook Pro notebook, which starts at $1299, and its $699 Mac Mini computer, which comes without a monitor.
The new products will be available from next week, executives said.
Shares of Apple were up about 0.2% as the event ended.
Patrick Moorhead, founder of Moor Insights & Strategy, estimated Apple will save between $150 and $200 per chip in costs by using its own central processors. “We didn’t see Apple add any expensive features,” he said. “They’re going with a much higher margin.”
In June, Apple said it would begin outfitting Macs with its own chips, building on its decade-long history of designing processors for its iPhones, iPads and Apple Watches.
Apple executives said on Tuesday that the M1 was intended to be efficient as well as fast, to improve battery life, and that Apple’s newest version of its operating system was tuned to the processor.
“This announcement underscores how important high-performance, custom processor designs will be to leading the next generation of client computing,” said Jon Carvill, vice president of Nuvia, a data center chip firm founded by former Apple executives. “We think a similar trend is playing out in the future of the data center as well.”
Apple executives made numerous performance claims against prior generations of Macs and Windows-based laptops, virtually all of which are based on Intel chips, though Apple did not directly name Intel.
“We believe Intel-powered PCs — like those based on 11th Gen Intel Core mobile processors — provide global customers the best experience in the areas they value most, as well as the most open platform for developers, both today and into the future,” Intel said in a statement.
Apple's phone chips draw on computing architecture technology from UK-based Arm Ltd, manufactured by outside partners such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp 2330.TW.
Microsoft Corp MSFT.O and Qualcomm Corp QCOM.O have been working together for four years to bring Arm-based Windows laptops to market, with major manufacturers such as Lenovo Group Ltd 0992.HK, Asustek Computer 2357.TW and Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 005930.KS offering machines.
But for both Microsoft and Apple, the true test will be software developers. Apple is hoping that the massive group of iPhone developers will embrace the new Macs, which will share a common 64-bit Arm computing architecture with the iPhone and be able to use similar apps.
Apple software chief Craig Federighi said Adobe Inc ADBE.O would bring its Photoshop software to the new M1-based Macs early next year.
“The app ecosystem and the battery life are probably the two things people will gravitate to,” said Ben Bajarin, principal analyst for consumer market intelligence at Creative Strategies.
Apple has seen a boom in Mac sales due to the coronavirus pandemic, notching record fiscal fourth quarter Mac sales of $9 billion earlier this month - all of them Intel-based. In June, Chief Executive Tim Cook said Apple would continue to support those devices for “years to come” but did not specify an end-of-life date.
Reporting by Stephen Nellis in San Francisco and Peter Henderson in Oakland; Editing by Aurora Ellis and Rosalba O’Brien

When and “ordinary Mongolian herdsman" defied a torn ACL to fight for Olympic glory www.olympic.org
The people of Mongolia had been waiting a long time for a gold medal-winning hero and, in judoka Tuvshinbayar Naidan, they found a man worthy of every accolade. Four years after “healing his nation” by securing a first-ever Olympic crown, Naidan simply refused to be beaten by serious injury.
Nothing and nobody were going to stop judoka Tuvshinbayar Naidan from taking to the tatami at London 2012 for his second successive half-heavyweight men’s Olympic final.
Four men had tried and failed to stand in his way. And then, driven by desperate concern for his long-term well-being, those nearest and dearest to him pleaded with the Mongolian to take the silver in the -100kg event and forfeit the gold-medal match.
ALMOST ALL THE COACHING STAFF AND MY FAMILY MEMBERS WERE AGAINST ME TAKING PART IN THE FINAL. THEY WERE TAKING CARE OF MY HEALTH.
Tuvshinbayar Naidan
But the man himself was having none of it. Even if he did have a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee.
At this point it is worth considering the journey Naidan had already been on. Born to a family of nomadic herders on the Great Steppe in central Mongolia, Naidan grew up wrestling and was 18 when he tried judo for the first time, after seeing the Asian Championships on television. He was instantly hooked. Within five years, he was not only competing at International Judo Federation World Cup events; he was climbing onto the podiums.
A year later, he arrived at the Olympic Games Beijing 2008 as a fresh-faced, compact, 1.78m-tall judoka full of belief if not experience. First, he faced Athens 2004 heavyweight gold medallist Keiji Suzuki from Japan, most people’s favourite to win the half-heavyweight title in China. A big opponent but no big problem for Naidan, who registered an ippon just one minute and 26 seconds into the bout. In fact, he waltzed through to the final barely touched.
Once there, he faced Kazakhstan’s Askhat Zhitkeyev, and the weight of history. Mongolia joined the Olympic family in 1964 and, in their 10 Summer Games appearances prior to Beijing 2008, the nation’s athletes had claimed 15 medals but no golds. The opportunity was too good for Naidan to miss.
“It was my great honour and privilege, as the son of an ordinary herdsman, to [claim] the first Olympic [gold] medal for my motherland, a country with a population of three million,” Naidan said. “The whole nation celebrated proudly the first Olympic gold medal on 14 August 2008. The sport-loving Mongolian people had expected it for 44 years since our first [Summer Games] appearance at the Tokyo 1964 Olympic Games, and I am extremely happy I could fulfil the golden dreams of the Mongolian people.”
In the delirious aftermath of Naidan’s heroics, the international media made much of the fact that Mongolia’s historic first gold had “healed a nation”. It was, according to Naidan, true.
“Political riots and demonstrations had been disturbing the situation in the Mongolian capital city [Ulaanbaatar] since the parliamentary elections on 1 July 2008. A curfew had even been imposed due to the instability,” explained Naidan, whose barrier-breaking gold medal was followed 10 days later by another, this time for Mongolian bantamweight boxer Enkhbatyn Badar-Uugan.
“But brilliant success and an Olympic gold medal healed the nation and brought true peace, joy and satisfaction, and swept away the black shadow of political turmoil.”
While Mongolia bathed in his success, Naidan had to overcome a serious right-knee injury aggravated by his efforts in Beijing. After surgery, he fought his way slowly back to health. In July 2010, he finally won his first World Cup gold, taking the title in Ulaanbaatar. Two more World Cup wins followed in 2011, and he arrived in London in 2012 with one thought: to defend his longed-for Olympic crown.
But, this time, the stars did not quite align. The right-knee injury had forced Naidan to put more pressure than felt natural on his left leg, using it as a main offensive weapon. Agonisingly, it gave way in his semi-final versus the Republic of Korea’s Hwang Hee-Tae. Even eight years later, Naidan is not overplaying the severity of the injury when he labels it a “terrible moment”.
GETTY IMAGES
The then 28-year-old was heard screaming in pain by those inside London’s ExCel Centre. He had to be carried from the field of play by his coach. The agony was so intense that Naidan reportedly failed to even recognise his father. No one who witnessed any of this was in any doubt: the defending champion would not be back for the final later that day. It was impossible for anyone to conceive. Anyone but the defending champion, of course.
“I took the decision after careful discussion with the President of the Mongolian Judo Federation,” Naidan explained. “I fully understood that I had to overcome only five minutes of the hardest match [possible] to reach the top of the Olympics again and I could forget my injury, whatever it was.
“So, I went to the final bout to fight without any hesitation.”
LONDON 2012
There he stood, a man on one leg, facing Russia’s 2011 world champion Tagir Khaibulaev.
“I stood up firmly to win,” Naidan said. “I felt that Tagir was very nervous. My tactic was to be calm and mysterious, with a strong fighting spirit.”
He was all that and much, much more. For two minutes, he defied all convention, but ultimately Khaibulaev had too much and eventually took the Mongolian warrior down by ippon. Naidan’s reign as Olympic champion was over, but not only had he won a worldwide legion of astonished admirers; he had also become the first Mongolian to win two Olympic medals.
Naidan went on to appear at Rio 2016 and became a world championship bronze medallist in 2017 in the +100kg category. Now 36, he has served as an advisor to Mongolian President Khaltmaagiin Battulga since 2017, is the newly elected President of the Mongolia National Olympic Committee and is seeking a fourth Olympic appearance in Tokyo next year. Do not miss it if he qualifies; it is guaranteed to be box-office.

Green Climate Fund invests $23.1 million towards building the climate resilience of Mongolian herder communities www.reliefweb.int
Songdo, 10 November 2020 – At the 27th meeting of its Board, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) today approved a new US$23.1million grant towards strengthening the climate resilience of herder communities in Mongolia. Approximately 26,000 households (130,000 people), living across four of the country’s most remote and vulnerable Western and Eastern aimags (provinces) are set to benefit, with a further 160,000 households (800,000 people) to benefit indirectly – around one quarter of Mongolia’s national population.
The project brings together climate-informed natural resources management and sustainable livestock practices, building on traditional cooperative approaches among herders while also introducing innovative technologies for traceability of sustainably sourced livestock products.
It will enhance the generation and use of climate prognosis data in decision-making; rehabilitate degraded land and catchment areas; improve herders’ water and grazing land management practices; and strengthen herders’ access to markets for sustainably sourced livestock products. Crucially, it will also support the policy transformations needed to promote sustainable livestock and pasture management practices.
Mongolia is subject to a range of natural disasters, including harsh winters, drought, snow and dust storms. Climate change is multiplying the challenges: over the last decade, the magnitude and frequency of such disasters have increased several fold, with estimated economic costs around $10-15 million annually. The disasters take a heavy toll on livestock and rural livelihoods.
Increased temperatures, coupled with decreased precipitation, have resulted in a drying trend affecting pastures and water sources, and shifting natural zones – in turn impacting the natural resources on which herders and livestock rely.
COVID-19 has further exposed the vulnerability of the livestock sector to shocks, with the fluctuations in demand compounding existing challenges, and reinforcing the importance of green recovery and resilient growth.
“The impacts of climate change are a major concern in Mongolia, contributing to land degradation and desertification,” said Minister for Environment and Tourism, H.E. Ms. Sarangerel Davaajantsan. “With the grant from the Green Climate Fund complementing $56.2 million from the Government, this project will contribute to a paradigm shift towards more climate-resilient sustainable development, particularly with focus on disaster risk reduction.”
“It will reap multiple benefits, including supporting vulnerable herder families’ livelihoods by offering more options but also improved access to markets in which they can sell their products – a significant socio-economic benefit. At the same time, it will also bring considerable long-term environmental benefits, including more resilient rehabilitated land and river basin areas, and improved conservation of water resources while strengthening disaster management and development planning to build forward Mongolia better.”
Developed over several years with the support from the United Nations Development Programme and in close consultation with the Government of Mongolia, communities, development partners and academia, the new 7-year project will be led by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, with the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry as a key partner.
Among its key focuses will be to:
Work with the National Agency Meteorology and the Environmental Monitoring, and National Emergency Management Agency, towards climate risk-informed planning
Work with herder communities to enhance cooperation on the sustainable use and stewardship of shared land and water resources
Support the rehabilitation of degraded areas, including 2,500 hectares of catchment reforestation
Improve water access through protection of natural springs, construction of new water wells, rehabilitation of existing wells and water harvesting measures
Identify public-private-community partnerships for sustainably sourced, climate-resilient livestock products;
And work with the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry to improve traceability for sustainably sourced, climate-resilient livestock products.
The project will also place a strong emphasis on the voices of female herders and female-headed households in decision-making, ensuring equal representation in training and community activities, and access and control over resources.
“As a trusted partner of the Government of Mongolia, UNDP is pleased to co-implement this transformative cross-sectoral project which comes at a critical time – a time in which the challenges of realizing SDGs have doubled due to the adverse impacts of COVID-19, especially, for marginalised and rural communities.” said Resident Representative for UNDP Mongolia, Elaine Conkievich.
“Taken together, the interventions will help to reduce volatility – and thus loss from climate shocks – help diversify households’ incomes, reduce pressure on rangelands resources, and promote responsible and fair usage of the limited resources.”
The project’s design links closely with Mongolia’s National Action Program on Climate Change, Vision 2050, and policies related to the livestock sector, as well as its Nationally Determined Contributions under the global Paris Agreement.
Implementation is expected to begin mid-2021. For more information, please visit the project page https://www.adaptation-undp.org/.../improving-adaptive......
***
About the United Nations Development Programme
UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. www.undp.org
About the Green Climate Fund
The Green Climate Fund (GCF), the world’s largest fund dedicated to climate finance, supports developing countries to reduce their carbon emissions and strengthen their resilience to climate change. Set up by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2010, GCF is an operating entity of the UNFCCC’s Financial Mechanism that also serves the Paris Agreement. GCF drives climate finance to where it is needed most: in the Least Developed Countries, Small Island Developing States, and African States.
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