1 MONGOLIA MARKS CENTENNIAL WITH A NEW COURSE FOR CHANGE WWW.EASTASIAFORUM.ORG PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      2 E-MART OPENS FIFTH STORE IN ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA, TARGETING K-FOOD CRAZE WWW.BIZ.CHOSUN.COM PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      3 JAPAN AND MONGOLIA FORGE HISTORIC DEFENSE PACT UNDER THIRD NEIGHBOR STRATEGY WWW.ARMYRECOGNITION.COM  PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      4 CENTRAL BANK LOWERS ECONOMIC GROWTH FORECAST TO 5.2% WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      5 L. OYUN-ERDENE: EVERY CITIZEN WILL RECEIVE 350,000 MNT IN DIVIDENDS WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      6 THE BILL TO ELIMINATE THE QUOTA FOR FOREIGN WORKERS IN MONGOLIA HAS BEEN SUBMITTED WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      7 THE SECOND NATIONAL ONCOLOGY CENTER TO BE CONSTRUCTED IN ULAANBAATAR WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/20      8 GREEN BOND ISSUED FOR WASTE RECYCLING WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      9 BAGANUUR 50 MW BATTERY STORAGE POWER STATION SUPPLIES ENERGY TO CENTRAL SYSTEM WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      10 THE PENSION AMOUNT INCREASED BY SIX PERCENT WWW.GOGO.MN PUBLISHED:2024/12/19      КОКС ХИМИЙН ҮЙЛДВЭРИЙН БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫГ ИРЭХ ОНЫ ХОЁРДУГААР УЛИРАЛД ЭХЛҮҮЛНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     "ЭРДЭНЭС ТАВАНТОЛГОЙ” ХК-ИЙН ХУВЬЦАА ЭЗЭМШИГЧ ИРГЭН БҮРД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГ ӨНӨӨДӨР ОЛГОНО WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГИЙН ОРЛОГО 2040 ОНД 38 ИХ НАЯДАД ХҮРЭХ ТӨСӨӨЛӨЛ ГАРСАН WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ЭРДЭНЭС ОЮУ ТОЛГОЙ” ХХК-ИАС ХЭРЛЭН ТООНО ТӨСЛИЙГ ӨМНӨГОВЬ АЙМАГТ ТАНИЛЦУУЛЛАА WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     Л.ОЮУН-ЭРДЭНЭ: ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН САНГААС НЭГ ИРГЭНД 135 МЯНГАН ТӨГРӨГИЙН ХАДГАЛАМЖ ҮҮСЛЭЭ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ENTRÉE RESOURCES” 2 ЖИЛ ГАРУЙ ҮРГЭЛЖИЛСЭН АРБИТРЫН МАРГААНД ЯЛАЛТ БАЙГУУЛАВ WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     “ORANO MINING”-ИЙН ГЭРЭЭ БОЛОН ГАШУУНСУХАЙТ-ГАНЦМОД БООМТЫН ТӨСЛИЙН АСУУДЛААР ЗАСГИЙН ГАЗАР ХУРАЛДАЖ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/20     АЖИЛЧДЫН САРЫН ГОЛЧ ЦАЛИН III УЛИРЛЫН БАЙДЛААР ₮2 САЯ ОРЧИМ БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     PROGRESSIVE EQUITY RESEARCH: 2025 ОН “PETRO MATAD” КОМПАНИД ЭЭЛТЭЙ БАЙХААР БАЙНА WWW.BLOOMBERGTV.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19     2026 ОНЫГ ДУУСТАЛ ГАДААД АЖИЛТНЫ ТОО, ХУВЬ ХЭМЖЭЭГ ХЯЗГААРЛАХГҮЙ БАЙХ ХУУЛИЙН ТӨСӨЛ ӨРГӨН МЭДҮҮЛЭВ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2024/12/19    

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MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

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Prime Minister Attends the Opening of Summer Davos www.montsame.mn

As part of the Official Visit, Prime Minister L. Oyun-Erdene attended the opening ceremony of the World Economic Forum's (WEF) 14th Annual Meeting of the New Champions, also known as "Summer Davos,” in Tianjin, China, and held meeting with Mr. Klaus Martin Schwab, Founder and President of the WEF.
The Founder and President of the WEF Mr. Klaus Martin Schwab, and Premier Li Qiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China delivered the opening remarks, emphasizing the timely nature of the Forum. They all strongly agreed on the importance of solidarity, cooperation, and mutual understanding in addressing the challenges faced globally.
As the global economy undergoes a transformative phase, the Forum is being held under the theme of "Entrepreneurship: The Driving Force of the Global Economy."
Summer Davos highlights the significance of solidarity, cooperation, and mutual understanding in addressing globally faced challenges.
Participants from business, government, civil society, international organizations, and academia have gathered for this year’s Summer Davos to exchange views on a wide range of issues, including economic growth, emerging technologies, and sustainable development.
The Prime Minister of Mongolia L. Oyun-Erdene, the Prime Minister of Vietnam Phạm Minh Chính, and the Prime Minister of New Zealand Chris Hipkins attended the opening ceremony as honored guests.
At the outset of the meeting, the Prime Minister affirmed his confidence that the events organized by the WEF would contribute to ensuring post-pandemic economic recovery and encouraging the collective will and solidarity required for overcoming the challenges caused by geopolitical tensions.
Then, the Parties discussed the economic diversification of Mongolia, challenges faced by the landlocked countries, and other international cooperation issues.
Noting that the Mongolia Economic Forum, where Mongolian policy perspectives on economy and investment cooperation opportunities are discussed, will take place on July 9-10, in Ulaanbaatar, Prime Minister L.Oyun-Erdene invited Mr. Klaus Martin Schwab to participate.
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South Korea to participate in Mongolia’s mining infrastructure constructions www.news.mn

On Monday, South Korean Vice Foreign Minister Lee Do-hoon met Mongolia’s Chief Cabinet Secretary D.Amarbayasgalan at the seventh meeting of the South Korea-Mongolia Joint Committee, a regular high-level comprehensive consultative body, in Ulaanbaatar.
During the meeting, South Korea and Mongolia have agreed to boost cooperation in global supply chains, especially in mineral resources, Seoul’s foreign ministry said.
Stressing the importance of maintaining close partnership amid unstable supply chains in key minerals, Lee said South Korea will “participate actively” in supporting Mongolia in the development of its mineral resources of and building relevant infrastructure.
The United States will also join the two countries for trilateral high-level talks on Tuesday to discuss joint projects on resources exploration and investment, according to the ministry.
Seoul has been working to deepen cooperation with resources-rich nations to ensure stable supplies of key minerals amid heated global competition and supply chain issues.
 
 
 
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Friedland warns of a copper ‘train wreck’ as supply stalls www.bloomberg.com

Copper is poised to follow other commodities upended by recent price surges as the mining industry struggles to expand ahead of accelerating demand, warns the man behind some of the world’s biggest mines.
Demand for critical raw materials is set to jump as nations mandate clean energy and transport while clambering to develop their own supply chains. But a combination of factors suggests supply won’t keep pace, according to billionaire Robert Friedland. They include the fact that deposits are getting pricier and tricker to find and dig up, funding is scarce and societies have yet to grasp mining’s role in the shift from fossil fuels.
“We’re heading for a train wreck here,” the founder and executive co-chairman of Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. said in an interview at Bloomberg’s New York headquarters. “My fear is that when push finally comes to shove” copper can go up 10 times.
Friedland, who made his fortune from Canadian nickel and is behind massive copper finds in Mongolia and the Congo, has long championed the importance of the metal used in everything from wires to weaponry. Some analysts share his concern about a looming copper crunch, but consensus is for far more gradual price gains in the coming years.
Read More: The China-driven metals ‘super cycle’ is over, Jefferies says
Futures are down 10% from a January peak as an uneven post-pandemic recovery in China — the world’s biggest metals consumer — and inflation-fighting efforts by central banks restrains demand. Still, Friedland sees copper’s longer-term prospects supported by decarbonization, ongoing Chinese demand, the emergence of India and re-militarization in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
On the supply side, output in top producer Chile has plateaued as ore quality deteriorates. The industry in general is having to dig deeper and contend with an uptick in resource nationalism and far more stringent environmental and social standards.
Investors have yet to grasp the significance of a global rush for the building blocks of clean energy, Friedland said. He points to very low physical inventories of copper coinciding with historically low relative valuations of mining companies. Large premiums paid in recent acquisitions indicate the mining industry understands where the market is headed, he said, although consolidation won’t solve the dilemma of how to boost production.
Friedland points to other commodities as examples of what may be in store for a tightening copper market. Chinese spot prices of molybdenum doubled from August to February amid supply disruptions and growing demand from the renewables and military sectors. One gauge of semi-processed lithium shot up 422% in 2021.
“When metals are required, the prices go crazy and nobody’s willing to sell them,” he said. “We’re heading into that sort of situation.”
The 72-year-old magnate is making his latest mining bet on the US. Ivanhoe Electric Inc., which has BlackRock Inc. and BHP Group as investors, is exploring in Arizona when the US is starting to realize the importance of domestic sources of raw materials and supply chains for greening the economy.
Read More: Billionaire Friedland says US must brand copper a critical metal
China is a dominant player in processing of nickel, copper, cobalt and other resources that are key to economic growth and clean-energy technologies. With initiatives such as the Inflation Reduction Act, the US is seeking to curtail global dependence on China as competition between the two nations increases. The European Union has already proposed classifying copper and nickel as critical raw materials in legislation designed to bolster supplies, alongside other metals key to the energy transition.
“Europe is in a panic about where their raw material is going to come from,” Friedland said. “The US is in a panic about where their raw material is going to come from. And so we’re going to see a lot of volatility and change in the way our supply chain is organized.”
(By James Attwood and Jacob Lorinc, with assistance from Thomas Biesheuvel, Yvonne Yue Li, Joe Deaux and Liezel Hill)
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China, Mongolia to discuss technology, railway connections and green development as prime minister begins 6-day trip www.scmp.com

Mongolia is expected to enhance cooperation with China on technology, railway connections and green development as its prime minister kicked off a six-day visit to its neighbour on Monday.
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who is leading the high-level delegation, is expected to meet Chinese Premier Li Qiang and will also attend the World Economic Forum’s 14th Annual Meeting of the New Champions, or Summer Davos, in northern port city of Tianjin between Tuesday and Friday.
“I am delighted to undertake my first official visit to China and take the opportunity to expand our two countries’ strategic partnership,” Oyun-Erdene said in an official statement.
Science, technology, innovation and green development, including delivering progress on projects such as the Erdeneburen hydropower plant, will be discussed, according to the statement.
This is basically a very consistent strategy to form relations with developing countries through trade and economic cooperation
Edwin Lai
“I can see why China is interested in building this kind of relationship in Mongolia. This land belt is very important for China’s relations with Central Asia … and China is doing it step by step with a long view,” said Edwin Lai, director of the Centre for Economic Development at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
“This is basically a very consistent strategy to form relations with developing countries through trade and economic cooperation.”
Both governments will work on the enhancement of connectivity through the Gashuunsukhait railway, as well as the integration of the Bichigt and Shivee Khuren railway networks.
China hopes to bolster transport infrastructure in Mongolia to control ‘all points of entry’
James Chin
A rail service between Mongolia’s Tavan Tolgoi coalfield and Gashuunsukhait on the Chinese border was opened in September, with the expectation that it could help coal exports to China reach 50 million tonnes a year.
Both Mongolian border crossings of Bichigt and Shivee Khuren can be connected to China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and are expected to facilitate the transport of bulk goods, such as coal and copper, with a more comprehensive rail structure.
“China hopes to bolster transport infrastructure in Mongolia to control ‘all points of entry’ while Russia is busy with Ukraine and the US doesn’t care about Mongolia,” said James Chin, a professor of Asian studies at the University of Tasmania in Australia.
“China’s goal is to expand railway projects from Mongolia westward all the way to Belarus.”
During their trip to China, the Mongolian delegation is also expected to explore the potential of extending China’s swap loan into a development loan.
China is using the loan and any resulting infrastructure as part of its “grand connecting plan”, said Jayant Menon, a senior fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore.
“Mongolia will gladly accept the loans because it relies otherwise on multilateral organisations such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank,” he added, noting that Chinese loans have “fewer caveats” compared to the multilateral lenders.
Oyun-Erdene told the Post in March that Mongolia is seeking economic diversification and to be less dependent on a single market.
Mongolia and France, for example, have entered into a broader cooperation in tourism, direct commercial flights and commercial satellites, according to an official statement from the Mongolian government in May following a visit by French President Emmanuel Macron.
BY:
Kandy Wong returned to the Post in 2022 as a correspondent for the Political Economy desk, having earlier worked as a reporter on the Business desk. She focuses on China's trade relationships with the United States, the European Union and Australia, as well as the Belt & Road Initiative and currency issues. She graduated from New York University with a master's degree in journalism in 2013. An award-winning journalist, she has worked in Hong Kong, China and New York for the Hong Kong Economic Journal and the Financial Times, E&E News, Forbes, The Economist Intelligence Unit, Nikkei Asia and Coconuts Media.
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Mongolia in the middle: China and Russia may split over the allure of renewables www.lowyinstitute.org

Mongolia, sandwiched as it is between China and Russia, the world’s two most powerful authoritarian states, is unlucky. Its rich solar and wind potential may prove to be a curse, not a blessing, as Beijing might be tempted to infringe on Mongolian sovereignty.
Mongolia will, over time, become a much more sensitive issue in Sino-Russian relations.
China’s policy towards Mongolian renewables development will have significant implications for its relationship with Russia.
The numbers show why. Mongolia’s renewable resources are – potentially – transformative for Northeast Asian energy. The Asian Development Bank estimates renewables-rich Mongolia has the potential to generate 5,457 terawatt-hours of clean electricity via wind and solar electricity, or about 63 per cent of China’s total electricity generation in 2022. Mongolia also seems like a natural destination for Chinese solar exports, which are projected to exceed China’s domestic demand by more than 500 per cent by 2030.
If Mongolia exports even a tenth of its renewables potential, the implications for Chinese energy will be immense. Mongolian-generated electricity from renewables could displace or even replace Russian energy exports to China, including from the long-planned Power of Siberia 2 natural gas pipeline. Beijing is already taking initial steps to develop renewables in climatologically-similar regions adjoining Mongolia.
China’s policy towards Mongolian renewables development will have significant implications for its relationship with Russia. Beijing’s economic footprint in Mongolia easily outpaces Moscow’s. China already accounts for the overwhelming majority of Mongolia’s exports, while bilateral trade is rising amid a new cross-border rail linkage.
It is difficult to overstate Beijing’s ability to dictate political and security terms in its landlocked neighbour. The power gap between China and Mongolia is vast. China’s population and GDP are, respectively, 408 and 1,075 times larger than Mongolia’s; Beijing’s claimed military expenditures are nearly 3,000 times greater than its neighbour’s.
To date, two factors have constrained Chinese interventions in Mongolia: a lack of material benefit, and Beijing’s fear of upsetting ties with Moscow. Conditions are changing.
Amid the improving techno-economics of solar, wind and batteries, China is building renewables in its portion of the Gobi Desert, including a US$12 billion solar project for 13 Gigawatts (GW) of solar capacity; it ultimately aims to build 450 GW in arid regions. Since the Gobi extends across both China and Mongolia, the constraint to renewables construction in Mongolia is ultimately political, not technical. If trial projects on its side of the Gobi prove successful, China may seek to deploy solar, wind, batteries, and transmission lines across the border.
While Beijing has trodden lightly in Mongolia in the post-Cold War period to placate Moscow, its posture may be shifting. In May 2021, Mongolia publicly arrested two of its intelligence officers, reportedly for spying for Russian security services. Chinese security services, with one eye on Beijing’s long-term energy interests, may have nudged their Mongolian counterparts to disrupt Russian networks. Mongolian and Chinese security services also cooperated in Ulaanbaatar’s arrest of a Mongolian-language anti-China activist who fled China’s province of Inner Mongolia.
Beijing will likely seek to absorb Mongolia’s renewables potential peacefully, without provoking a sanctions response from the West.
Transforming Mongolia into a renewables exporter won’t be easy: dramatic infrastructure overhauls to site enormous wind turbines and solar farms and connect them to Chinese demand centres will require years and massive injections of capital and labour.
The politics of Mongolian renewables development would also be fraught. Beijing will likely seek to absorb Mongolia’s renewables potential peacefully, without provoking a sanctions response from the West, but even a non-coercive buildout of renewables would see tens of thousands of Chinese workers enter a tiny country.
China could soon make major moves in Mongolia, despite these constraints.
Given its reluctance to upset political ties with Moscow or its economic relationships with Washington and Brussels, Beijing will likely move slowly in Mongolia, attempt to use non-coercive instruments whenever possible, and downplay any threats to Russia’s energy exports. Beijing’s posture could change, however, as the techno-economics of Mongolia’s wind and solar potential become more alluring. Indeed, the recent China–Mongolia rail network expansion could be repurposed for mass shipment of solar panels and may be an initial sign of Beijing’s interest in Mongolian renewables.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has utterly renounced the West, ensuring Russia has become China’s junior partner. This equilibrium is unstable, however, as Russia’s declining economic and military power slowly renders it less useful to China. Over the long term, Mongolian renewables could further reduce Russia’s value in Chinese energy security. Russia and China are close today, but Moscow may be about to learn a hard lesson.
BY: JOSEPH WEBSTER
This article represents the author’s own personal opinion.
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The United States and Mongolia Sign MOU to Collaborate on Critical Minerals www.state.gov

Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Jose W. Fernandez signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Government of Mongolia on June 27, 2023, to jointly advance secure and resilient critical mineral supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region. This MOU includes a framework for Mongolia and the United States to work together on technical areas of support to further Mongolia’s efforts to develop capacity to encourage investment in its mineral resource sector, which is vital to the global clean energy transition.
As strategic partners, the United States and Mongolia have mutual interest in strengthening our economies and making them more resilient. Critical minerals and rare earth elements play an increasingly important role in our economies, and developing these resources will help strengthen both countries’ economies. The United States stands ready to explore opportunities to help develop this sector in Mongolia, including by encouraging private sector investment. This MOU further reflects the United States’ broader goal of advancing high environmental, social, and governance standards in the global mining sector.
To stay updated, follow Under Secretary Fernandez on Twitter: @State_E , Facebook: @StateDeptE , and LinkedIn: @State-E .
For press inquiries, please contact: E_Communications@state.gov.
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Profile: Prime Minister of Mongolia Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene www.xinhuanet.com

At the invitation of Chinese Premier Li Qiang, Prime Minister of Mongolia Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene will pay an official visit to China from June 26th to July 1st and attend the 14th Annual Meeting of the New Champions, also known as the Summer Davos Forum.
Oyun-Erdene, 42, graduated from the Bers College of Mongolia in 2001, majoring in journalism, studied law at the Law School of the National University of Mongolia in 2008, and obtained a Master's degree in public administration from Harvard University in the United States in 2015.
Since 2016, he has been elected twice as a member of the State Great Khural (parliament). He has successively served as the chairman of the Youth Union of the Mongolian People's Party, secretary and acting secretary general of the People's Party, and chief of the Cabinet's Secretariat.
He became the prime minister of Mongolia in January 2021, assumed the position of acting chairman of the People's Party in June of the same year, and became the chairman of the party in December.
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MIAT has a fleet of five aircraft, including one Boeing 767-300ER www.news.mn

In 2019, it was announced that MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Air Lease Corporation had entered a long-term lease agreement to acquire one Boeing 787. Eventually that order was increased to two aircraft.
At the time, the first plane was scheduled to be delivered in the spring of 2021. However, as you’d expect, between the pandemic and Boeing 787 production issues, that timeline has been pushed back considerably. Delivery of the first aircraft was scheduled for second quarter of 2023. Suffice it to say that this timeline doesn’t appear to be sticking anymore.
While exact details of the cabin interiors aren’t yet known, it’s expected that the plane will have 313 seats, including 16 business class seats, 21 premium economy seats, and 276 economy seats.
Here’s how D.Battur, CEO of MIAT Mongolian Airlines back in 2019, described the order:
“Our vision is to become a globally recognized Mongolian national flag carrier, and we are making a significant step forward by adding the first 787-9 Dreamliner to our fleet. The Mongolian Dreamliner will fly our passengers direct and in unmatched comfort to their dream destinations. Today is a proud day for MIAT and for all Mongolians.”
For context, MIAT Mongolian currently has a fleet of five aircraft, including one Boeing 767-300ER, three Boeing 737-800s, and one Boeing 737 MAX 8. The 767 is currently MIAT Mongolian’s only long haul aircraft between Ulaanbaatar and Frankfurt.
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US Under Secretary Fernandez to visit Oyu Tolgoi mine www.news.mn

Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Jose W. Fernandez is visiting in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on 25-29 June, to meet with senior government officials and other stakeholders to deepen U.S.-Mongolia economic ties. The trip’s purpose is to explore collaboration on projects to advance Mongolia’s economic development and resilience, with a focus on energy security, critical minerals, transportation, food security, intellectual property rights, and the digital economy.
In Ulaanbaatar, Under Secretary Fernandez will join the Governments of Mongolia and the Republic of Korea to launch the first-ever trilateral dialogue on critical minerals, which will deepen cooperation between the three countries and help identify ways to work together to promote high environmental, social, and governance standards in mining practices.
This year the United States is celebrating 36 years of diplomatic relations with Mongolia, for which we are proud to be its “third neighbor” and strategic partner. To expand our partnership, the Under Secretary will discuss joint efforts on the economy, critical minerals, energy, and the environment with Minister of Foreign Affairs B.Battsetseg, Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry J.Gaanbaatar, and other government and private sector counterparts.
During the Under Secretary’s visit, he will also meet with members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Mongolia, deliver remarks on international trade at the World Export Development Forum, visit the Oyu Tolgoi mine, and engage in cultural activities with the local community, including a pickup game with the Mongolian women’s national 3×3 basketball team.
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Mongolia expects the Power of Siberia-2 to contribute up to USD 1 billion a year www.news.mn

The Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline has the potential to transform Northeast Asian energy security dynamics, provided Moscow and Beijing agree to its specific terms. With a predicted annual transport capacity of around 50 billion cubic metres of gas, the pipeline’s construction will increase the natural gas supply to China and Asia.
Economically, Mongolia expects the Power of Siberia-2 to contribute up to USD 1 billion a year in transit fees to the country’s revenue, create employment, facilitate economic diversification and accelerate its energy transition away from coal. All these developments are necessary conditions for Mongolia’s sustainable growth.
Mongolia is a developing economy with an average per capita income of just over USD 4500, an underemployment rate of more than 12 per cent and an overdependence on resource extraction. Such an economic windfall will have substantial implications for Mongolia’s development.
On energy, Mongolia’s ability to import natural gas through the Power of Siberia-2 pipeline will help it transition more rapidly away from coal. Mongolia uses coal for 85 percent of its energy supply and relies on Soviet-era coal-fired combined heat and power plants to service its main cities.
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